Search results for "R1"
showing 10 items of 1016 documents
Shedding Light on the Formation and Structure of Kombucha Biofilm Using Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy
2021
Kombucha pellicles are often used as inoculum to produce this beverage and have become a signature feature. This cellulosic biofilm produced by acetic acid bacteria (AAB) involves yeasts, which are also part of the kombucha consortia. The role of microbial interactions in thede novoformation and structure of kombucha pellicles was investigated during the 3 days following inoculation, using two-photon microscopy coupled with fluorescent staining. Aggregated yeast cells appear to serve as scaffolding to which bacterial cellulose accumulates. This initial foundation leads to a layered structure characterized by a top cellulose-rich layer and a biomass-rich sublayer. This sublayer is expected t…
Influence of Diet, Sex, and Viral Infections on the Gut Microbiota Composition of Spodoptera exigua Caterpillars
2020
The gut microbiota plays essential roles in processes related with metabolism, physiology, and immunity in all organisms, including insects. In the present work, we performed a broad analysis of the Spodoptera exigua gut microbiota, a major agricultural pest. We analyzed the influence of multiple parameters such as diet, geographic location, sex, or viral infections on S. exigua caterpillar gut microbiota composition. Our study revealed a high variability in bacterial composition among individuals, and a major influence of environmental bacteria (including those acquired through diet) on the gut microbiota composition, supporting previous studies that claim resident microbiota are lacking i…
Rhizosphere Bacterial Networks, but Not Diversity, Are Impacted by Pea-Wheat Intercropping
2021
International audience; Plant-plant associations, notably cereal-legume intercropping, have been proposed in agroecology to better value resources and thus reduce the use of chemical inputs in agriculture. Wheat-pea intercropping allows to decreasing the use of nitrogen fertilization through ecological processes such as niche complementarity and facilitation. Rhizosphere microbial communities may account for these processes, since they play a major role in biogeochemical cycles and impact plant nutrition. Still, knowledge on the effect of intecropping on the rhizosphere microbiota remains scarce. Especially, it is an open question whether rhizosphere microbial communities in cereal-legume i…
Innovative Alcoholic Drinks Obtained by Co-Fermenting Grape Must and Fruit Juice
2019
In this study, Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay musts, and fruit juices from cherry, kiwi, peach, and strawberry were co-fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118 and Torulaspora delbrueckii UMY196 at two different proportions (80:20 (v/v) and 60:40 (v/v)). The most pleasant fruit-based drink was obtained with Cabernet Sauvignon must and kiwi juice in a proportion of 60:40 and fermented with T. delbrueckii. This beverage was produced in higher volume to simulate a scale-up, and the aromatic profile, sensory description, and consumer acceptability were determined. The most powerful odorants of the kiwi-based drink were ethyl octanoate, phenylethanal, ethyl hexanoate, vinyl-guaiacol, be…
First evidence of underwater sounds emitted by the living fossils Lepidurus lubbocki and Triops cancriformis (Branchiopoda: Notostraca)
2021
Sound is the most effective means of communication in marine and freshwater ecosystems. However, no data about acoustic emissions from non-malacostracan crustaceans are currently available, so their ability to produce sounds is unknown. For the first time, this study investigated the sound produced by 2 tadpole shrimp species,Triops cancriformisandLepidurus lubbocki.L. lubbockiindividuals were collected from a natural temporary pond in Sicily (Italy), whereasT. cancriformisindividuals were obtained from eggs contained in sediment from a rock pool in Sardinia (Italy). In the laboratory, experimental tanks with the animals (one species at a time) were acoustically monitored. Both species prod…
Assessment of genetically modified maize Bt11 x MIR162 x 1507 x GA21 and three subcombinations independently of their origin, for food and feed uses …
2018
In this opinion, the GMO Panel assessed the four-event stack maize Btll x MIR162 x 1507 x GA21 and three of its subcombinations, independently of their origin. The GMO Panel previously assessed the four single events and seven of their combinations and did not identify safety concerns. No new data on the single events or the seven subcombinations leading to modification of the original conclusions were identified. Based on the molecular, agronomic, phenotypic and compositional characteristics, the combination of the single events in the four-event stack maize did not give rise to food/feed safety issues. Based on the nutritional assessment of the compositional characteristics of maize Btll …
Consequence of Histoincompatibility beyond GvH-Reaction in Cytomegalovirus Disease Associated with Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Cha…
2021
Hematopoietic cell (HC) transplantation (HCT) is the last resort to cure hematopoietic malignancies that are refractory to standard therapies. Hematoablative treatment aims at wiping out tumor cells as completely as possible to avoid leukemia/lymphoma relapse. This treatment inevitably co-depletes cells of hematopoietic cell lineages, including differentiated cells that constitute the immune system. HCT reconstitutes hematopoiesis and thus, eventually, also antiviral effector cells. In cases of an unrelated donor, that is, in allogeneic HCT, HLA-matching is performed to minimize the risk of graft-versus-host reaction and disease (GvHR/D), but a mismatch in minor histocompatibility antigens …
Novel Autotrophic Organisms Contribute Significantly to the Internal Carbon Cycling Potential of a Boreal Lake
2018
ABSTRACT Oxygen-stratified lakes are typical for the boreal zone and also a major source of greenhouse gas emissions in the region. Due to shallow light penetration, restricting the growth of phototrophic organisms, and large allochthonous organic carbon inputs from the catchment area, the lake metabolism is expected to be dominated by heterotrophic organisms. In this study, we test this assumption and show that the potential for autotrophic carbon fixation and internal carbon cycling is high throughout the water column. Further, we show that during the summer stratification carbon fixation can exceed respiration in a boreal lake even below the euphotic zone. Metagenome-assembled genomes an…
Next‐Generation Sequencing‐Based RiboMethSeq Protocol for Analysis of tRNA 2′‐O‐Methylation
2017
Analysis of RNA modifications by traditional physico‐chemical approaches is labor intensive, requires substantial amounts of input material and only allows site‐by‐site measurements. The recent development of qualitative and quantitative approaches based on next‐generation sequencing (NGS) opens new perspectives for the analysis of various cellular RNA species. The Illumina sequencing‐based RiboMethSeq protocol was initially developed and successfully applied for mapping of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 2′‐O‐methylations. This method also gives excellent results in the quantitative analysis of rRNA modifications in different species and under varying growth condi…
Preliminary evidence of reductive stress in human cytotoxic T cells following exercise.
2018
This study investigated immunophenotypic differences in intracellular thiol redox state of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from trained [ n = 9, means ± SD: age 28 ± 5 yr; (body mass index) BMI 23.2 ± 2.6 kg/m2; V̇o2max (maximal oxygen intake)56.9 ± 6.1 ml·kg−1·min−1] and recreationally active (RA, n = 11, means ± SD: age 27 ± 6 yr; BMI 24.2 ± 3.7 kg/m2; V̇o2max 45.1 ± 6.4 ml·kg−1·min−1) participants before and after a maximal aerobic exercise tolerance test. Blood samples were taken before (Pre), during (sample acquired at 70% maximum heart rate), immediately after (Post + 0), and 15 min postexercise (Post + 15). PBMCs were isolated, and reduced thiol analysis [fluores…