Search results for "R1"
showing 10 items of 1016 documents
Impact of Acute and Chronic Amyloid-β Peptide Exposure on Gut Microbial Commensals in the Mouse
2020
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Besides its cognitive phenotype, AD leads to crucial changes in gut microbiome composition in model mice and in patients, but the reported data are still highly inconsistent. Therefore, we investigated chronic effects of AD-characteristic neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides as provided by transgenic overexpression (5xFAD mouse model) and acute effects due to oral application of Aβ on gut microbes. Astonishingly, one-time feeding of wild type mice with Aβ42 provoked immediate changes in gut microbiome composition (β diversity) as compared to controls. Such obvious changes were not observed when comparing 5xFAD mice with wild type l…
Cross-regional view of functional and taxonomic microbiota composition in obesity and post-obesity treatment shows country specific microbial contrib…
2019
This work was supported by CONICYT-Chile through the FONDECYT [n° 3160525] (DM) and by Universidad San Sebastián, and by grants to AM from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (projects SAF2012-31187, SAF2013-49788-EXP, SAF2015-65878-R), Carlos III Health Institute (Projects PIE14/00045 and AC15/00022), Generalitat Valenciana (Project PrometeoII/2014/065 and Prometeo/2018/A/133), Asociación Española Contra el Cancer (Project AECC 2017-1485) and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
The use of phage FCL-2 as an alternative to chemotherapy against columnaris disease in aquaculture
2015
Flavobacterium columnare, the causative agent of columnaris disease in fish, causes millions of dollars of losses in the US channel catfish industry alone, not to mention aquaculture industry worldwide. Novel methods are needed for the control and treatment of bacterial diseases in aquaculture to replace traditionally used chemotherapies. A potential solution could be the use of phages, i.e., bacterial viruses, host-specific and self-enriching particles that can be can easily distributed via water flow. We examined the efficacy of phages to combat columnaris disease. A previously isolated phage, FCL-2, infecting F. columnare, was characterized by sequencing. The 47 142 bp genome of the phag…
New Insights Into the Skin Microbial Communities and Skin Aging
2020
Although it is well-known that human skin aging is accompanied by an alteration in the skin microbiota, we know little about how the composition of these changes during the course of aging and the effects of age-related skin microbes on aging. Using 16S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequencing to profile the microbiomes of 160 skin samples from two anatomical sites, the cheek and the abdomen, on 80 individuals of varying ages, we developed age-related microbiota profiles for both intrinsic skin aging and photoaging to provide an improved understanding of the age-dependent variation in skin microbial composition. According to the landscape, the microbial composi…
Bacterial and Archaeal Communities Change With Intensity of Vegetation Coverage in Arenized Soils From the Pampa Biome
2019
Arenization occurs in regions that present sandy soils with normal rainfall levels. Predatory use of environmental sources, the dissolution of arenitic rocks and reworking of non-consolidated surface sands intensify this degradation scenario. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the impact of the arenization process in the Brazilian Pampa Biome and how this phenomenon affects the soil microbial and plant communities. For this purpose, three arenized areas in Southern Brazil (Pampa Biome) were selected and, in each one, three sampling points were studied: arenized (ARA), arenized to grassland transition (AGT), and grassland (GRA) areas. In the three sampling points, soils presented low levels o…
Profiling of Protein Degraders in Cultures of Human Gut Microbiota
2019
Unabsorbed proteins reach the colon and are fermented by the microbiota, yielding a variety of harmful metabolites. In the present study, a 16S rRNA gene survey identified the bacterial taxa flourishing in 11 batch fermentations with proteins and peptones as the sole fermentable substrates, inoculated with the feces of six healthy adults. Organic acids, ammonia, and indole resulting from protein breakdown and fermentation accumulated in all of the cultures. Analysis of differential abundances among time-points identified Enterobacteriaceae, Burkholderiaceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae (including Esherichia-Shigella, Sutterella, Parasutterella, and Bilophila) among the bacteria that especially …
The safety, technological, nutritional, and sensory challenges associated with lacto-fermentation of meat and meat products by using pure lactic acid…
2019
Introduction. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the most popular microbial cultures used in the preparation of fermented foods (Bintsis, 2018). Due to their wide range of antimicrobial activity, LAB have been shown to improve safety, nutritional and sensory characteristics, control fermentation by microflora and speed maturation, as well as increase the shelf life of products (Des et al., 2018). Recently, as a new approach for the application of technological starters, great interest has been concentrated on their biodegradation and/or absorption properties of non-desirable chemical compounds, and it was reported that LAB can reduce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic arom…
Regional Variation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Enterobacterales, Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonella enterica and Methicill…
2020
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) thwarts the curative power of drugs and is a present-time global problem. We present data on antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance determinants of bacteria the WHO has highlighted as being key antimicrobial resistance concerns in Africa, to strengthen knowledge of AMR patterns in the region. Methods: Blood, stool, and urine specimens of febrile patients, aged between ≥ 30 days and ≤ 15 years and hospitalized in Burkina Faso, Gabon, Ghana, and Tanzania were cultured from November 2013 to March 2017 (Patients > 15 years were included in Tanzania). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for all Enterobacterales and Staphylococcus aur…
Impervious Surfaces Alter Soil Bacterial Communities in Urban Areas: A Case Study in Beijing, China
2018
The rapid expansion of urbanization has caused land cover change, especially the increasing area of impervious surfaces. Such alterations have significant effects on the soil ecosystem by impeding the exchange of gasses, water, and materials between soil and the atmosphere. It is unclear whether impervious surfaces have any effects on soil bacterial diversity and community composition. In the present study, we conducted an investigation of bacterial communities across five typical land cover types, including impervious surfaces (concrete), permeable pavement (bricks with round holes), shrub coverage (Buxus megistophylla Levl.), lawns (Festuca elata Keng ex E. Alexeev), and roadside trees (S…
Free Chlorine and Peroxynitrite Alter the Capsid Structure of Human Norovirus GII.4 and Its Capacity to Bind Histo-Blood Group Antigens
2021
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. HuNoVs are frequently detected in water and foodstuffs. Free chlorine and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) are two oxidants commonly encountered by HuNoVs in humans or in the environment during their natural life cycle. In this study, we defined the effects of these two oxidants on GII.4 HuNoVs and GII.4 virus-like particles (VLPs). The impact on the capsid structure, the major capsid protein VP1 and the ability of the viral capsid to bind to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) following oxidative treatments were analyzed. HBGAs are attachment factors that promote HuNoV infection in human hosts. Overall, our re…