Search results for "RADIATION"

showing 10 items of 5298 documents

Molecular dynamics simulations of heavy ion induced defects in SiC Schottky diodes

2018

Heavy ion irradiation increases the leakage current in reverse-biased SiC Schottky diodes. This letter demonstrates, via molecular dynamics simulations, that a combination of bias and ion-deposited energy is required to produce the degradation. Peer reviewed

mallintaminenMaterials sciencePOWER DIODESSchottky diodesSINGLE-EVENT BURNOUT114 Physical sciences01 natural sciencesIonpower semiconductor devicesBARRIER DIODESTHERMAL-DAMAGEchemistry.chemical_compoundMolecular dynamicspuolijohteetsilicon carbide0103 physical sciencesSilicon carbideIrradiationElectrical and Electronic EngineeringSafety Risk Reliability and Quality010302 applied physicsta114ta213ionit010308 nuclear & particles physicsbusiness.industryionisoiva säteilyINORGANIC INSULATORSSchottky diodemodelingHeavy ion irradiationIRRADIATIONElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialschemistryionsOptoelectronicsDegradation (geology)Heavy ionbusinession radiation effectsIEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability
researchProduct

Molecular dynamics simulations of heavy ion induced defects in SiC Schottky diodes

2018

Heavy ion irradiation increases the leakage current in reverse-biased SiC Schottky diodes. This work demonstrates, via molecular dynamics simulations, that a combination of bias and ion-deposited energy is required to produce the degradation peerReviewed

mallintaminenpower semiconductor devicesionitsilicon carbidepuolijohteetionisoiva säteilySchottky diodesmodelingion radiation effects
researchProduct

Simultaneous production of furfural and levulinic acid from pine sawdust via acid-catalysed mechanical depolymerization and microwave irradiation

2019

Abstract In this work pine sawdust was converted into levulinic acid (LA) and furfural. Sawdust was first pre-treated with sulfuric acid-catalysed mechanical depolymerization. The conversion reactions were then performed with microwave heating at 180 °C. To enhance the furfural yield and the efficient separation of furfural and LA, a biphasic water-toluene reaction system was used. The effect of an additional catalyst, AlCl3, on the yield of LA and furfural was also studied. According to the results the pre-treatment method enhanced the yields of LA. In addition, due to the microwave heating the reaction times were short. Additional AlCl3 catalyst enhanced the LA yield, however excellent fu…

mechanical depolymerizationbiomassa020209 energyhapotlevulinic acid02 engineering and technologyFurfuralCatalysismikroaallotchemistry.chemical_compoundBioenergykemian tekniikka0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringLevulinic acidta215microwave irradiationWaste Management and Disposalta218orgaaniset yhdisteetacid catalysisbiomassRenewable Energy Sustainability and the EnvironmentDepolymerizationForestryfurfuralchemistryYield (chemistry)visual_artvisual_art.visual_art_mediumSawdustAgronomy and Crop ScienceMicrowavepuu (luonnonmateriaalit)Nuclear chemistryBiomass and Bioenergy
researchProduct

Spatially Resolved Broadband Synchrotron Emission from the Nonthermal Limbs of SN1006

2018

We present ~400ks NuSTAR observations of the northeast (NE) and southwest (SW) non-thermal limbs of the Galactic SNR SN1006. We discovered three sources with X-ray emission detected at >50keV. Two of them are identified as background AGN. We extract the NuSTAR spectra from a few regions along the non-thermal limbs and jointly analyze them with the XMM-Newton spectra and the radio data. The broad-band radio/X-ray spectra can be well described with a synchrotron emission model from a single population of CR electrons with a power law energy distribution and an exponential cutoff. The power law index of the electron particle distribution function (PDF) is ~1.88-1.95 for both the NE and SW l…

media_common.quotation_subjectAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaPopulationFOS: Physical sciencesAstrophysicsElectronAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics01 natural sciencesAsymmetryPower lawSpectral linecosmic rays0103 physical sciencesAstrophysics::Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsEmission spectrumeducation010303 astronomy & astrophysicsAstrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysicsmedia_commonISM: supernova remnantsacceleration of particlesHigh Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)Physicseducation.field_of_study010308 nuclear & particles physicsAstronomy and Astrophysicsshock wavesAstronomy and Astrophysicradiation mechanisms: non-thermalX-rays: ISMMagnetic fieldSpace and Planetary ScienceAstrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]Lepton
researchProduct

An automatic method for metabolic evaluation of gamma knife treatments

2015

Lesion volume delineation of Positron Emission Tomography images is challenging because of the low spatial resolution and high noise level. Aim of this work is the development of an operator independent segmentation method of metabolic images. For this purpose, an algorithm for the biological tumor volume delineation based on random walks on graphs has been used. Twenty-four cerebral tumors are segmented to evaluate the functional follow-up after Gamma Knife radiotherapy treatment. Experimental results show that the segmentation algorithm is accurate and has real-time performance. In addition, it can reflect metabolic changes useful to evaluate radiotherapy response in treated patients.

medicine.diagnostic_testComputer sciencebusiness.industrymedicine.medical_treatmentComputer Science (all)PET imagingPattern recognitionLesion volumeRandom walkGamma knifeTheoretical Computer ScienceRadiation therapyBiological target volumeSegmentationBiological target volume Gamma Knife treatment PET imaging Random walk SegmentationPositron emission tomographymedicineSegmentationRadiotherapy treatmentGamma Knife treatmentArtificial intelligenceNoise levelbusinessImage resolution
researchProduct

A methodical 68Ga-labelling study of DO2A-(butyl- l-tyrosine)2 with cation-exchanger post-processed 68Ga: practical aspects of radiolabelling

2011

Positron emission tomography (PET) with 68Ga is a fast-growing field in molecular imaging, both in research and in clinical routine. The availability of 68Ga via the 68Ge/68Ga radionuclide generator facilitates the development and production of radiopharmaceuticals independent of a cyclotron. The presented work shows a complete 68Ga labelling study exemplified on [68Ga]DO2A-(butyl- l-tyrosine)2, a potential tumour tracer for PET. A methodical sequence is followed to optimize the 68Ga-labelling reaction. Practical aspects are described and the different parameters contributing to the labelling yield are demonstrated. The influence of temperature, time, amount of labelling precursor and pH va…

medicine.diagnostic_testIon exchangebusiness.industryChemistryRadiochemistryClinical routinePositron emission tomographyLabellingYield (chemistry)Microwave irradiationmedicineRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingRadionuclide GeneratorNuclear medicinebusinessContrast Media & Molecular Imaging
researchProduct

No influence of magnetic fields on cell cycle progression using conditions relevant for patients during MRI.

2003

The purpose of this study was to examine whether exposure to magnetic fields (MFs) relevant for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in clinical routine influences cell cycle progression in two tumor cell lines in vitro. HL60 and EA2 cells were exposed to four types of MFs: (i) static MF of 1.5 and 7.05 T, (ii) extremely low frequency magnetic gradient fields (ELFMGFs) with ± 10 mT/m and 100 Hz, as well as ± 100 mT/m and 100 Hz, (iii) pulsed high frequency MF in the radiofrequency (RF) range (63.6 MHz, 5.8 μT), and (iv) a combination of (i–iii). Exposure periods ranged from 1 to 24 h. Cell cycle distribution (G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell cycle analysis did not…

medicine.diagnostic_testPhysiologyChemistryCell CycleBiophysicsMagnetic resonance imagingDose-Response Relationship RadiationHL-60 CellsGeneral MedicineEnvironmental ExposureCell cycleMagnetostaticsRadiation DosageMagnetic Resonance ImagingFlow cytometryNuclear magnetic resonanceElectromagnetic FieldsCell culturemedicineHumansRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingExtremely low frequencyIrradiationRadiometryBioelectromagneticsBioelectromagnetics
researchProduct

Comment on “Computer-Extracted Texture Features to Distinguish Cerebral Radionecrosis from Recurrent Brain Tumors on Multiparametric MRI: A Feasibili…

2017

We have read with great interest the article published by Tiwari et al, “Computer-Extracted Texture Features to Distinguish Cerebral Radionecrosis from Recurrent Brain Tumors on Multiparametric MRI: A Feasibility Study.”[1][1] In their article, they refer to our work regarding brain metastasis

medicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryTexture (cosmology)Brain NeoplasmsRecurrent brain tumorsMultiparametric MRIMagnetic resonance imagingmedicine.diseaseMagnetic Resonance ImagingArticle030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineMedicineFeasibility StudiesHumansRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingNeurology (clinical)businessNuclear medicineRadiation Injuries030217 neurology & neurosurgeryBrain metastasis
researchProduct

Study of CT/MRI mutual information based registration applied in brachytherapy

2016

The present work aims to include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a Medical Image-based Graphical platfOrm - Brachytherapy module (AMIGOBrachy) which coupled to the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP6) code allows absorbed dose calculations. Computed tomography (CT) and MRI images were registered using mutual information algorithms to improve tissue segmentation potentially leading to a more accurate treatment planning system.

medicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industrymedicine.medical_treatmentPhysics::Medical PhysicsMonte Carlo methodBrachytherapyImage registrationMagnetic resonance imagingMutual information030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicine030220 oncology & carcinogenesisAbsorbed dosemedicineMedical imagingComputer visionArtificial intelligencebusinessNuclear medicineRadiation treatment planning2016 Global Medical Engineering Physics Exchanges/Pan American Health Care Exchanges (GMEPE/PAHCE)
researchProduct

First German Guideline on Diagnostics and Therapy of Clinically Non-Functioning Pituitary Tumors

2021

AbstractAlthough non-functioning pituitary tumors are frequent, diagnostic and therapeutic concepts are not well standardized. We here present the first German multidisciplinary guideline on this topic. The single most important message is to manage the patients by a multidisciplinary team (consisting at least of an endocrinologist, a neurosurgeon, and a (neuro-) radiologist). The initial diagnostic work-up comprises a detailed characterization of both biochemical (focusing on hormonal excess or deficiency states) and morphological aspects (with magnetic resonance imaging of the sellar region). An ophthalmological examination is only needed in presence of symptoms or large tumors affecting …

medicine.medical_specialtyAdenomaEndocrinology Diabetes and Metabolismmedicine.medical_treatmentMedizin030209 endocrinology & metabolism03 medical and health sciencesTherapeutic approach0302 clinical medicineEndocrinologyGermanyInternal MedicinemedicineHumansPituitary NeoplasmsNeuroradiologyPatient Care Teammedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryPituitary tumorsMagnetic resonance imagingGeneral MedicineGuidelinemedicine.diseaseMagnetic Resonance ImagingRadiation therapyPractice Guidelines as TopicRadiologyNeurosurgerybusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryExperimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes
researchProduct