Search results for "RATS"

A systematic review of urinary bladder hypertrophy in experimental diabetes: Part 2. Comparison of animal models and functional consequences.

2018

Aims To explore whether the bladder hypertrophy consistently seen in rats upon streptozotocin injection also occurs in other animal models of type 1 or 2 diabetes and how hypertrophy is linked to functional alterations of the urinary bladder. Methods A systematic search for the key word combination "diabetes," "bladder," and "hypertrophy" was performed in PubMed; additional references were identified from reference lists of those publications. All papers were systematically extracted for relevant information. Results Models other than streptozotocin-injected rats and female animals have been poorly studied. Most animal models of diabetes exhibit less bladder hypertrophy as compared to strep…

Valencianos ilustres : [colección de retratos]

Tit al llom: Valencianos ilustres en virtud, ciencias y armas. - Es tracta d'un recull de gravats, de segles diferents

Interaction of valproic acid and some analogues with microsomal epoxide hydrolase.

1992

Abstract Valproic acid (VPA) and its analogues valpromide (VPM), valproyl-Coenzyme A (VP-CoA) and valproyl-ethylester (VPE) were examined as potential inhibitors of microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEHb) using styrene-7,8-oxide (STO) and benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-oxide (BPO) as enzyme substrates. The effect of each potential inhibitor was examined using mEHb from rat liver, human livers (from a child, woman and man) and from human placenta. Of the compounds tested, only VPM (2 mM) expressed significant inhibition of mEHb activity with a maximum inhibition of 49%, 48%, 35% and 33% for liver microsomes from the child, woman, man and rat, respectively, using STO (2 mM) as substrate. Human placenta mEHb …

ASTROCYTES SHED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES THAT CONTAIN FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR-2 AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR.

2007

An important component of the pathogenic process of multiple sclerosis (MS) is the blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. We recently set an in vitro model of BBB, based on a three-cell-type co-culture system, in which rat neurons and astrocytes synergistically induce brain capillary endothelial cells to form a monolayer with permeability properties resembling those of the physiological BBB. Herein we report that the serum from patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) has a damaging effect on isolated neurons. This finding suggests that neuronal damaging in MS could be a primary event and not only secondary to myelin damage, as generally assumed. SPMS serum affects the perme…

NEURONS PRODUCE FGF-2 AND VEGF SECRETE THEM AT LEST IN PART BY SHEDDING EXTRACELLULAR VESCICLES

2007

Abstract We previously found that neurons are able to affect the ability of brain capillary endothelial cells to form in vitro a monolayer with properties resembling the blood-brain barrier. We then looked, by immunofluorescence and western analysis, for factors, produced by neurons, with the potential to influence growth and differentiation of endothelial cells. In the present paper, we report that neurons produce both vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2, two well-known angiogenic factors. More interestingly, we gained evidence that both factors are released by neurons, at least in part, by shedding of extracellular vesicles, that contain β1 integrin, a membra…

The impact of tumor nitric oxide production on VEGFA expression and tumor growth in a zebrafish rat glioma xenograft model.

2015

International audience; To investigate the effect of nitric oxide on tumor development, we established a rat tumor xenograft model in zebrafish embryos. The injected tumor cells formed masses in which nitric oxide production could be detected by the use of the cell-permeant DAF-FM-DA (diaminofluorophore 4-amino-5-methylamino-2'-7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate) and DAR-4M-AM (diaminorhodamine-4M). This method revealed that nitric oxide production could be co-localized with the tumor xenograft in 46% of the embryos. In 85% of these embryos, tumors were vascularized and blood vessels were observed on day 4 post injection. Furthermore, we demonstrated by qRT-PCR that the transplanted glioma ce…

Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin mediates polymorphonuclear leukocyte-induced vasocontraction and endothelial dysfunction.

2002

The effect of Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin (alpha-toxin) on selectin-mediated neutrophil adhesion was investigated in polymorphonuclear leukocyte- (PMN) induced vasocontraction and endothelial dysfunction. Adherence of human PMNs to rat aortic endothelium increased significantly following stimulation of the endothelium with alpha-toxin (0.1, 0.5, and 1 microg/mL). This effect could be significantly attenuated by monoclonal antibodies directed against P-selectin or fucoidin, a carbohydrate known to block selectins. Unstimulated human PMNs (10(6)cells/mL) were added to organ chambers containing rat aortic rings stimulated with alpha-toxin (0.5 microg/mL). PMNs elicited a significant vaso…

Taste for fat: the 6th taste modality

2016

IF 4.066; International audience

Degradation of phosphatidylethanol counteracts the apparent phospholipase D-mediated formation in heart and other organs.

2003

Phosphatidylalcohols, such as phosphatidylethanol (PEth), are formed from phosphatidylcholine in the presence of a primary alcohol (e.g., ethanol). This 'transphosphatidylation' reaction is used as specific phospholipase D (PLD) assay. Accumulation of PEth in tissues is recognized as a reliable measure of PLD activity, as PEth is allegedly metabolically stable. The general validity of this assumption was reinvestigated in isolated rat heart, small intestine and brain slices. The half-times of 3H-PEth degradation (labelled with 3H-myristic acid and preformed by ethanol exposure for 30 min) were about 1 h in heart and small intestine, but 17 h in brain. As the formation of PEth is superimpose…

Effects of gadolinium and cadmium on the electrically evoked release of 45calcium from the isolated rat neurohypophysis.

1988

Isolated neural lobes of the rat pituitary gland were fixed by their stalks to a platinum wire electrode. They were loaded with 45calcium and then superfused with radioactivity-free Krebs-solution. The efflux of 45calcium into the superfusion medium was determined. After 54–60 min of superfusion the spontaneous outflow of 45calcium was 2.03%/min of the tissue 45calcium. It was not affected by cadmium (Cd2+, 0.03-3 mmol/1), but reduced by 40% in the presence of 1 mmol/1 gadolinium (Gd3). Electrical stimulation with pulses of 15 Hz (3 times for 1 min with intervals of 1 min) evoked a 45calcium release of 14.4% of the tissue radioactivity. The evoked release of 45calcium was reduced by 80% in …