Search results for "Rapping"
showing 10 items of 280 documents
Reducing Mortality of Shrews in Rodent Live Trapping — a Method Increasing Live-Trap Selectivity with Shrew Exits
2013
Shrews have very high metabolic rates and are often unintentionally starved in rodent live-traps during capture-mark-recapture (CMR) studies. Here, we suggest a shrew exit as a modification to rodent traps. To test whether this modification is (1) saving shrews and (2) not jeopardizing results of rodent captures, we compared captures in Ugglan traps with and without shrew exits, studying bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in a spruce forest in central Finland. Numbers of captured bank voles and body size of smallest juvenile bank voles were not affected by the shrew exit, while the number of captured common shrews (Sorex araneus) was reduced from 31 to 0 individuals per 100 trap nights. However,…
Lures for red palm weevil trapping systems: aggregation pheromone and synthetic kairomone
2015
[EN] BACKGROUNDThe optimisation of the lure is essential for the implementation of trapping systems to control insect pests. In this work, the response of the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, to increasing emission rates of its aggregation pheromone (ferrugineol) and the efficacy of a convenient synthetic kairomone based on fermentation odours (ethyl acetate and ethanol) have been evaluated in different years and locations along the Mediterranean basin. RESULTSIn general, although capture data and emission had noticeable variability among locations, significantly fewer RPW were captured in pyramidal Picusan (R) traps with the lowest ferrugineol emission rates tested…
Temperature and time dependent electron trapping in Al2O3 thin films onto AlGaN/GaN heterostructures
2022
In this article, the charge trapping phenomena in Al2O3 thin films grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures have been studied by time-dependent capacitance–voltage (C-V) measurements as a function of temperature. In particular, monitoring the transient of the capacitance enabled us to estimate the maximum depth of the insulating layer interested by the negative charge trapping effect under our bias stress conditions and to determine a charge traps density in the bulk Al2O3 in the order of 3 × 1019 cm−3. A temperature dependent C-V analysis up to 150 °C demonstrated the presence of two competitive mechanisms that rule the electron capture and emission in the Al2O3…
A Robust and Simple Measure for Quality-Guided 2D Phase Unwrapping Algorithms
2016
Quality-based 2D phase unwrapping algorithms provide one of the best tradeoffs between speed and quality of results. Their robustness depends on a quality map, which is used to build a path that visits the most reliable pixels first. Unwrapping then proceeds along this path, delaying unwrapping of noisy and inconsistent areas until the end, so that the unwrapping errors remain local. We propose a novel quality measure that is consistent, technically sound, effective, fast to compute, and immune to the presence of a carrier signal. The new measure combines the benefits of both the quality-guided and the residue-based phase unwrapping approaches. The quality map is justified from the two diff…
Positron Annihilation in IR Transmitting GeS₂-Ga₂S₃ Glasses
2015
Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy combined with Doppler broadening of annihilation radiation was applied to study free-volume entities in GeS2-Ga2S3 glasses affected by Ga additions. It is shown that Ga-related void sub-system plays a decisive role in positron trapping process, while the overall density variation is defined mainly by Ge-related sub-system. These results serve as basis for new characterization route for inner free-volume structure of these glasses.
Interplay between spin crossover and proton migration along short strong hydrogen bonds
2021
The iron(ii) salt [Fe(bpp)2](isonicNO)2·HisonicNO·5H2O (1) (bpp = 2,6-bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine; isonicNO = isonicotinate N-oxide anion) undergoes a partial spin crossover (SCO) with symmetry breaking at T1 = 167 K to a mixed-spin phase (50% high-spin (HS), 50% low-spin (LS)) that is metastable below T2 = 116 K. Annealing the compound at lower temperatures results in a 100% LS phase that differs from the initial HS phase in the formation of a hydrogen bond (HB) between two water molecules (O4W and O5W) of crystallisation. Neutron crystallography experiments have also evidenced a proton displacement inside a short strong hydrogen bond (SSHB) between two isonicNO anions. Both phenomena can al…
Precision experiments on exotic nuclei at IGISOL
2006
Abstract Cooling and trapping techniques of low-energy radioactive ion beams of refractory elements employed at the IGISOL facility are presented with emphasis on high-precision measurements of the ground state properties of exotic nuclei. The impact of the new generation Paul and Penning traps on mass measurements of short-lived nuclei is discussed with examples on precision measurements of masses of super-allowed beta emitters and neutron-rich nuclei. As a new concept the trap-assisted spectroscopy of radioactive ions is presented with applications in collinear laser spectroscopy, decay spectroscopy of isobarically purified sources and in nuclear cross-section measurements by ion counting.
A size dependent discontinuous decay rate for the exciton emission in ZnO quantum dots
2014
The time resolved UV-fluorescence in ZnO quantum dots has been investigated using femtosecond laser spectroscopy. The measurements were performed as a function of particle size for particles between 3 and 7 nm in diameter, which are in the quantum confined regime. A red shift in the fluorescence maximum is seen while increasing the particle size, which correlates with the shift in band gap due to quantum confinement. The energy difference between the UV-fluorescence and the band gap does, however, increase for the smaller particles. For 3.7 nm particles the fluorescence energy is 100 meV smaller than the band gap energy, whereas it is only 20 meV smaller for the largest particles. This indi…
Photoconductivity in Discotic Liquid Crystals: A New Class of High-Mobility Materials
1994
Abstract Using a time-of-flight technique, different transport mechanisms, deep trapping, multiple shallow trapping and Gaussian transport, can be observed in the different temperature and phase regions of the liquidcrystalline (LC) photoconductor hexapentyloxytriphenylene (HPT). Transient photocurrents and carrier mobilities for various temperatures, electric fields, and sample histories were examined. The ideal intrinsic Gaussian transport, observed for holes in the mesophase, puts HPT into a new class of highmobility materials with both hole mobilities on the order of 1.10−3cm2/Vs and a steplike current decay. These features result from the fact that there is obviously neither a position…
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping of biological nitric oxide
2007
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical species with multiple physiological functions. Because of low concentrations and short half-life of NO, its direct measurement in living tissues remains a difficult task. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping is probably one of the best suitable platforms for development of new methods for quantification of biological NO. The most reliable EPR-based approaches developed so far are based on the reaction of NO with various iron complexes, both intrinsic and exogenously applied. This review is focused on the current state and perspectives of EPR spin trapping for experimental and clinical NO biology.