Search results for "Reel"
showing 10 items of 36 documents
Neurochemical Phenotype of Reelin Immunoreactive Cells in the Piriform Cortex Layer II
2016
Reelin, a glycoprotein expressed by Cajal-Retzius neurons throughout the marginal layer of developing neocortex, has been extensively shown to play an important role during brain development, guiding neuronal migration and detachment from radial glia. During the adult life, however, many studies have associated Reelin expression to enhanced neuronal plasticity. Although its mechanism of action in the adult brain remains mostly unknown, Reelin is expressed mainly by a subset of mature interneurons. Here, we confirm the described phenotype of this subpopulation in the adult neocortex. We show that these mature interneurons, although being in close proximity, lack polysialylated neural cell ad…
Endothelial Dab1 signaling orchestrates neuro-glia-vessel communication in the central nervous system.
2018
Developing the bloodbrain barrier During development, signals need to be dynamically integrated by endothelial cells, neurons, and glia to achieve functional neuro-glia-vascular units in the central nervous system. During cortical development, neuronal Dab1 and ApoER2 receptors respond to a guidance cue called reelin. Studying mice, Segarra et al. found that Dab1 and ApoER2 are also expressed in endothelial cells (see the Perspective by Thomas). The integration of reelin signaling in endothelial cells and neurons facilitates the communication between vessels, glia, and neurons that is necessary for the correct positioning of neurons during cortical development. This integration is also impo…
Alterations in reelin and reelin receptors in Down syndrome.
2019
Reelin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that modulates synaptic function and plasticity, with a crucial role in neuronal migration. Changes in the expression of this protein have been reported in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This molecule is produced by Cajal-Retzius neurons during development and by inhibitory neurons in the adult nervous system. Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) present an early development of AD; therefore, we analyzed the alterations in this molecule and its receptors in the murine model for DS Ts65Dn as well as in human with DS. We performed immunofluorescence analysis for reelin and its receptors very-low-density lipoprotein r…
FRET-based dynamic structural biology: Challenges, perspectives and an appeal for open-science practices.
2021
International audience; Single-molecule FRET (smFRET) has become a mainstream technique for studying biomolecular structural dynamics. The rapid and wide adoption of smFRET experiments by an ever- increasing number of groups has generated significant progress in sample preparation, measurement procedures, data analysis, algorithms and documentation. Several labs that employ smFRET approaches have joined forces to inform the smFRET community about streamlining how to perform experiments and analyze results for obtaining quantitative information on biomolecular structure and dynamics. The recent efforts include blind tests to assess the accuracy and the precision of smFRET experiments among d…
¿El Estado de Derecho en peligro? El juez constitucional contra la Constitución y a favor de la reelección presidencial indefinida : caso Bolivia
2021
In Bolivia, the third term and the habilitation of former President Evo Morales to the 2019 presidential elections was allowed with the acquiescence of the Plurinational Constitutional Court. Despite the fact that the Constitution prohibited it and there was a referendum that rejected indefinite presidential re-election. This occurred through the judicialization of politics that produced a non-formal reform of the Constitution producing a case of abusive constitutionalism and the destabilization of the rule of law.
Muscle activation during cycling at different cadences: Effect of maximal strength capacity
2007
International audience; The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of maximal strength capacity on muscle activation, during cycling, at three selected cadences: a low cadence (50 rpm), a high cadence (110 rpm) and the freely chosen cadence (FCC). Two groups of trained cyclists were selected on the basis of the different maximal isokinetic voluntary contraction values (MVCi) of their lower extremity muscles as follow: Fmin (lower MVCi group) and Fmax (higher MVCi group). All subjects performed three 4-min cycling exercises at a power output corresponding to 80 % of the ventilatory threshold under the three cadences. Neuromuscular activity of vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris…
Altered morphological and electrophysiological properties of Cajal-Retzius cells in cerebral cortex of embryonic Presenilin-1 knockout mice
2004
Mutations of Presenilin-1 are the major cause of familial Alzheimer's disease. Presenilin-1 knockout (PS1-/-) mice develop severe cortical dysplasia related to human type 2 lissencephaly. This overmigration syndrome has been attributed to the premature loss of Cajal-Retzius cells (CRcs), pioneer neurons required for the termination of radial neuronal migration. To elucidate the potential cellular mechanisms responsible for this premature neuronal loss, we investigated the morphological and electrophysiological properties of visually identified CRcs of wild-type (WT) and PS1-/- mouse brains at embryonic day 16.5. The density of CRcs was substantially reduced in the cerebral cortex of PS1-/-.…
NO-DO, el tiempo y la memoria [Prólogo a la octava edición]
2006
EL Noticiario Cinematográfico Español, popularmente conocido como NO-DO, vio las pantallas cinematográficas por vez primera en enero de 1943. Creado como instrumento audiovisual del nuevo Estado, gozó durante décadas del privilegio de su exclusividad y su proyección fue obligatoria en todos los cines de España. A pesar de los numerosos cambios que experimentó la sociedad española, el Noticiario permanece hasta bien entrada la democracia, en 1981. Pero NO-DO no fue sólo un instrumento de propaganda política. Su condición de noticiario cinematográfico hace de él un dispositivo informativo, bien que sesgado, de entretenimiento y de variedades que acompañaba puntualmente los programas de las sa…
Cajal–Retzius and subplate cells: transient cortical neurons and circuits with long-term impact
2020
Abstract The laminar and columnar organization of the mature cerebral cortex is determined by a variety of early developmental processes. Two distinct populations of early generated neurons play important roles in corticogenesis. Cajal–Retzius neurons, located in the marginal zone (later layer 1), control the formation of neocortical layers by releasing the extracellular matrix protein reelin, which serves as a guiding signal for migrating neurons. Subplate neurons in the lower neocortical layer play an active role in axonal pathfinding of thalamocortical connections and in transient synaptic circuits, influence early cortical plasticity and the maturation of the columnar architecture. Both…
Artrepreneurs and the autonomy paradox
2022
In this article, we examine the views that young (under 35 years) freelancers and entrepreneurs who work as professional artists in Finland have of their work. We refer to them as artrepreneurs. Our data sample is composed of the responses of entrepreneurs and freelancers (n = 209) from a survey data on young artists (n = 565) collected in 2017. By using a set of quantitative methods we study the impact of different factors on the job satisfaction experienced by freelancers and entrepreneurs, the nature and motivation factors of their work, as well as their status and livelihood. In our interpretative framework, central concepts are the “hybridity” and “precarity” of artists’ work and “auto…