Search results for "Refractive index"

showing 10 items of 332 documents

Angular variation of thermal infrared emissivity for some natural surfaces from experimental measurements

2008

Multiangle algorithms for estimating sea and land surface temperature with Along-Track Scanning Radiometer data require a precise knowledge of the angular variation of surface emissivity in the thermal infrared. Currently, few measurements of this variation exist. Here an experimental investigation of the angular variation of the infrared emissivity in the thermal infrared (8-14-microm) band of some representative samples was made at angles of 0 degrees-65 degrees (at 5 degrees increments) to the surface normal. The results show a decrease of the emissivity with increasing viewing angle, with water showing the highest angular dependence (approximately 7% from 0 degrees to 65 degrees views).…

Materials scienceRadiometerbusiness.industryInfraredMaterials Science (miscellaneous)Viewing angleIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringExperimental physicsSea surface temperatureOpticsEmissivityRadiometryBusiness and International ManagementbusinessRefractive indexApplied Optics
researchProduct

Formation of Optical Gradient in Chemical Solution-Derived PbZr[sub 0.52]Ti[sub 0.48]O[sub 3] Thin Films: Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Investigation

2009

Investigation using a variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometer revealed the influence of sample preparation conditions on sol-gel PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3 (PZT 52/48) thin-film homogeneity that allows identification and further optimization of thin-film performance. Separate crystallization of the layers determined the optical gradient appearance, irrespective of the chemical solvents used in this work. A more refined analysis showed that a refractive index gradient was apparent in the samples in which lattice parameters strongly changed with thickness. For these films, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis showed significant variation in Pb and Zr. Additionally, complex dielectric fu…

Materials scienceRenewable Energy Sustainability and the EnvironmentAnalytical chemistryDielectricCondensed Matter PhysicsSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialslaw.inventionlawEllipsometryHomogeneity (physics)Materials ChemistryElectrochemistrySample preparationThin filmCrystallizationSpectroscopyRefractive indexJournal of The Electrochemical Society
researchProduct

Optical Gradient of the Trapezium-Shaped NaNbO[sub 3] Thin Films Studied by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

2008

thin films were performed in the photon energy range of 1.24–4.96 eV.Effective values of the complex refractive index and thickness nonuniformity, roughness, and depth profile of the real part of therefractive index were evaluated. An increase of the refractive index with increasing of the sample thickness was observed anddiscussed.© 2008 The Electrochemical Society. DOI: 10.1149/1.2965786 All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted May 27, 2008; revised manuscript received July 7, 2008. Published August 19, 2008.

Materials scienceRenewable Energy Sustainability and the Environmentbusiness.industrySurface finishPhoton energyCondensed Matter PhysicsSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsOpticsMaterials ChemistryElectrochemistrySpectroscopic ellipsometryThin filmbusinessRefractive indexJournal of The Electrochemical Society
researchProduct

Guiding and reflecting light by boundary material

2003

We study effects of finite height and surrounding material on photonic crystal slabs of one- and two-dimensional photonic crystals with a pseudo-spectral method and finite difference time domain simulation methods. The band gap is shown to be strongly modified by the boundary material. As an application we suggest reflection and guiding of light by patterning the material on top/below the slab.

Materials scienceSilicon photonicssilicon photonicsBand gapbusiness.industryFinite-difference time-domain methodFOS: Physical sciencesPhysics::OpticsBoundary (topology)optical waveguidesAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsOpticsphotonic band gap materialsReflection (physics)Slabphotonic crystal slabsElectrical and Electronic EngineeringPhysical and Theoretical ChemistrybusinessRefractive indexPhysics - OpticsOptics (physics.optics)Photonic crystalOptics Communications
researchProduct

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO2 nanoparticles on a Si substrate

2017

Financial support from the Estonian Research Council (IUT2-25, PUT170, PUT1096, PUT748, PUTJD680), the Estonian Centre of Excellence in Research Projects “Advanced materials and high-technology devices for sustainable energetics, sensorics and nanoelectronics” TK141 (2014-2020.4.01.15-0011), “Emerging orders in quantum and nanomaterials” TK134 and the Development Fund of the University of Tartu, are all gratefully acknowledged.

Materials scienceSiliconAnalytical chemistryGeneral Physics and Astronomychemistry.chemical_element02 engineering and technologySubstrate (electronics)engineering.material010402 general chemistrylcsh:Chemical technology01 natural scienceslcsh:TechnologyCoating:NATURAL SCIENCES:Physics [Research Subject Categories]General Materials Sciencelcsh:TP1-1185Electrical and Electronic EngineeringThin filmAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)lcsh:ScienceOptical path lengthbusiness.industrylcsh:Tp-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA)021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologylcsh:QC1-9990104 chemical scienceschemistryengineeringOptoelectronicslcsh:QNaked eye0210 nano-technologybusinessRefractive indexTiO2 nanoparticlescolorimetric gas sensinglcsh:PhysicsBeilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
researchProduct

Plasmonic layers based on Au-nanoparticle-doped TiO2 for optoelectronics: structural and optical properties.

2013

The anti-reflective effect of dielectric coatings used in silicon solar cells has traditionally been the subject of intensive studies and practical applications. In recent years the interest has permanently grown in plasmonic layers based on metal nanoparticles, which are shown to increase light trapping in the underlying silicon. In the present work we have combined these two concepts by means of in situ synthesis of Au nanoparticles in a dielectric matrix (TiO2), which is commonly used as an anti-reflective coating in silicon solar cells, and added the third element: a 10–20% porosity in the matrix. The porosity is formed by means of a controllable wet etching by low concentration HF. As …

Materials scienceSiliconchemistry.chemical_elementBioengineering02 engineering and technologyDielectric010402 general chemistry01 natural sciences7. Clean energyGeneral Materials SciencePlasmonic solar cellElectrical and Electronic EngineeringSurface plasmon resonancePlasmonPlasmonic nanoparticlesbusiness.industryMechanical EngineeringSurface plasmonGeneral Chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology0104 chemical scienceschemistryMechanics of MaterialsOptoelectronicssemiconductor thin films; surface plasmon resonance; anti-reflective coating0210 nano-technologybusinessRefractive indexNanotechnology
researchProduct

Equivalences between refractive index and equilibrium water content of conventional and silicone hydrogel soft contact lenses from automated and manu…

2007

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to develop mathematical relationships that allow obtaining equilibrium water content and refractive index of conventional and silicone hydrogel soft contact lenses from refractive index measures obtained with automated refractometry or equilibrium water content measures derived from manual refractometry, respectively. METHODS: Twelve HEMA-based hydrogels of different hydration and four siloxane-based polymers were assayed. A manual refractometer and a digital refractometer were used. Polynomial models obtained from the sucrose curves of equilibrium water content against refractive index and vice-versa were used either considering the whole range…

Materials scienceSiliconesRefractive indexBiomedical EngineeringAnalytical chemistryBiocompatible Materials02 engineering and technologyBiomaterials03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineRefractometerHumansBrix sucrose scaleBrix scaleCLR 12-70Water contentSoft contact lenseschemistry.chemical_classificationScience & TechnologyEquilibrium water contentWaterHydrogelsAtago N2EsucrosePolymerSilicone hydrogelconventional soft contact lensesContact Lenses Hydrophilic021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyContact lensRefractometrychemistrySelf-healing hydrogelsSilicone hydrogel030221 ophthalmology & optometry0210 nano-technologyRefractometryRefractive indexJournal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials
researchProduct

Metamaterial coatings for subwavelength-resolution imaging

2011

Coating lenses are membranes made of materials exhibiting negative index of refraction and deposited on other media with high dielectric constant e 3 . Unfortunately far-field imaging suffers from centrosymmetric aberrations. We propose a simple procedure to compensate partially deviations from ray-tracing perfect imaging in asymmetric metamaterial lenses. We also show that, under some circumstances, coating superlens may recover subwavelength information transmitted in a relative spatial spectrum ranging from 1 to √e 3 .

Materials scienceSuperlensbusiness.industryPhysics::OpticsMetamaterialengineering.materialRay tracing (physics)Spherical aberrationOpticsOptical coatingCoatingengineeringbusinessRefractive indexHigh-κ dielectricSPIE Proceedings
researchProduct

Stable two -dimensional spatial solitons in heavy metal oxide glasses

2007

In this Communication, a stable self-confined propagation with ps near-infrared (NIR) pulses and over several Rayleigh lengths is demonstrated for the first time . Multiphoton absorption is shown to saturate the self-focusing response in a novel glass of the ternary system Nb2O5-O2-PbO (NPG) exhibiting a high refractive index (2-2.1) in the NIR and an energy gap of 3.52 eV. NPG belongs to the family of heavy metal oxides, widely studied for its fast and high nonlinearity in the infrared.

Materials scienceTernary numeral systemInfraredBand gapbusiness.industryOxideSelf-focusingMolecular physicsSpatial SolitonHeavy metal oxide glassessymbols.namesakechemistry.chemical_compoundOpticschemistrysymbolsRayleigh scatteringAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)businessRefractive index
researchProduct

Real-time polarimetric optical sensor using macroporous alumina membranes.

2013

We report on the demonstration of real-time refractive index sensing within 60 μm thick free-standing macroporous alumina membranes with pore diameters of 200 nm. The free-standing macroporous alumina membranes allow the analytes to flow through the pores for targeted delivery, resulting in fast sensing responses. The polarimetric measurement platform exploits the optical anisotropy of the membranes in monitoring the refractive index variations of the analytes that fill the pores, providing highly sensitive and real-time measurements. The experimental characterization of the membranes' birefringence at wavelengths of 808, 980, and 1500 nm showed a decrease in birefringence for shorter wavel…

Materials scienceTime FactorsPolarimetry02 engineering and technologySodium Chloride01 natural sciencesLight scattering010309 opticsOptics0103 physical sciencesAluminum OxideAnisotropyBirefringencebusiness.industryOptical DevicesMembranes Artificial021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyPolarization (waves)6. Clean waterAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsMembrane0210 nano-technologybusinessPorous mediumRefractive indexPorosityOptics letters
researchProduct