Search results for "Restraint"
showing 10 items of 30 documents
Anxiolytic effects of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors agonist oxotremorine in chronically stressed rats and related changes in BDNF and FGF2 level…
2017
Rationale: In depressive disorders, one of the mechanisms proposed for antidepressant drugs is the enhancement of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Previously, we showed that the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonist oxotremorine (Oxo) increases neuronal plasticity in hippocampal neurons via FGFR1 transactivation. Objectives: Here, we aimed to explore (a) whether Oxo exerts anxiolytic effect in the rat model of anxiety-depression-like behavior induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS), and (b) if the anxiolytic effect of Oxo is associated with the modulation of neurotrophic factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and fibroblast growth factor-2…
Soleus aponeurosis strain distribution following chronic unloading in humans: an in vivo MR phase-contrast study.
2006
The in vivo strain properties of human skeletal muscle-tendon complexes are poorly understood, particularly following chronic periods of reduced load bearing. We studied eight healthy volunteers who underwent 4 wk of unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS) to induce chronic unloading. Before and after the ULLS, maximum isometric ankle plantar flexion torque was determined by using a magnetic resonance (MR)-compatible dynamometry. Volumes of the triceps surae muscles and strain distribution of the soleus aponeurosis and the Achilles tendon at a constant submaximal plantar flexion (20% pre-maximal voluntary contraction) were measured by using MRI and velocity-encoded, phase-contrast MRI techn…
A survey of eating styles in eight countries: Examining restrained, emotional, intuitive eating and their correlates
2022
INTRODUCTION: Restrained, emotional and intuitive eating were examined in relation to each other and as correlates of participants' weight status, body image and self-esteem. In some past research, restrained and emotional eating have been associated with higher weight status and poorer mental health, while intuitive eating is more frequently linked to lower weight status and more positive well-being. However, these eating styles have rarely been examined together and never in a large cross-country sample. METHOD: Six-thousand two-hundred and seventy-two (6272) emerging adults (M age = 21.54 years, SD = 3.13) completed scales from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Eating Disorders …
Prevalence and features of delirium in older patients admitted to rehabilitation facilities
2022
Background: Delirium is thought to be common across various settings of care; however, still little research has been conducted in rehabilitation. Aim: We investigated the prevalence of delirium, its features and motor subtypes in older patients admitted to rehabilitation facilities during the three editions of the “Delirium Day project”. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in which 1237 older patients (age ≥ 65 years old) admitted to 50 Italian rehabilitation wards during the three editions of the “Delirium Day project” (2015 to 2017) were included. Delirium was evaluated through the 4AT and its motor subtype with the Delirium Motor Subtype Scale. Results: Delirium was detected i…
Cardiovascular, ventilatory and total activity responses of brown trout to handling stress
1994
Changes in total activity, heart and ventilation rates were observed in 2-year-old brown trout, following handling stress, using non-contact bioelectronic monitoring equipment. Experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions at water temperatures below 4° C, Transfer between tanks as well as 5 min restraint stress increased the total activity of fish for 24 to 48 h, after which it declined to near the pre-stress level. The transfer and struggle both elevated the heart rate for 3 to 4 days. Ventilation rate was elevated to a maximum of about 30% above the nominal level and recovered within 3 to 4 days. Both heart and ventilation rates were higher in feeding fish relative to fasting fis…
Drivers and Restraints in Adopting Information Technology in Firms in E-Business: A Chinese Perspective
2014
This paper studies factors in information technology adoption, on both firm level and individual level, to help further understand organizational innovativeness. Especially, business-strategic and tactical factors affecting the adoption, and particular assimilation-related factors, are studied among interactive firms, also the ways the factors are related. This paper adds to the earlier literature in recognizing and combining factors behind reasoning for and against adopting new technology innovations, on various reasoning-levels. Literature, so far, has been scattered among those, while adoption and assimilation in general have been well modelled. We need to better understand what is signi…
QUASI QUIDAM ORNATUS VITAE. Il decorum nel de officiis di Cicerone
2013
The theory of decorum in Cicero’s de officiis (44 BC) seems to suggest to the Romans not simply the fourth virtue of a general system of conduct, but a super-virtue able to act as a “shock absorber” in the exercise of social and political life, summarized in a principle that Cicero defines as verecundiae partes, that is non offendere homines. Thus, while Romans citizens suffer the most radical crisis of their history, he indicates the decorum as the backbone of the complex architecture that constitutes the common good. In this paper I argue that Cicero’s contribution to the political and theoretical discussion on justice and respect may bring a very helpful tool for rethinking critically th…
Still Going “Grey” After All These Years? Export Restraint Agreements and the WTO
2013
This chapter assesses how the dual strategy that aimed to eliminate "grey area" measures has worked out in practice, also in the light of the protectionist pressures unleashed by the current economic crisis. After providing a brief overview of the historic proliferation of these measures, it discusses whether the attempt to render ordinary safeguard measures a more attractive alternative to voluntary restraint agreements (VRAs) has worked in practice. The chapter analyses some of the intrinsic and extrinsic weaknesses of the ban itself. The chapter reviews some cases of export-restraint agreements arguably falling within the exceptions to the ban enshrined in Art. 11.1.C. This work has exam…
The shadow price of foreign exchange with minimum wages
2001
Abstract This note derives the shadow price of foreign exchange in a small open economy with minimum wage unemployment under tariffs, quotas and voluntary export restraints. The analysis is conducted in a dual general equilibrium framework with many goods and factors.
A cross-country examination of emotional eating, restrained eating and intuitive eating: Measurement Invariance across eight countries
2020
This study examined the measurement invariance of three scales that assessed emotional eating, restrained eating, and intuitive eating across eight countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Italy, Japan, Spain and the United States) in order to determine their suitability for cross-country body image research. A total of 6272 young adults took part in this study. Participants completed an online survey including the Emotional Eating subscale of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-Revised 21, the Restraint subscale of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, and the Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues subscale of The Intuitive Eating Scale-2. Multi-group confirmatory factor analy…