Search results for "Rite"

showing 10 items of 2726 documents

Selecting the tuning parameter in penalized Gaussian graphical models

2019

Penalized inference of Gaussian graphical models is a way to assess the conditional independence structure in multivariate problems. In this setting, the conditional independence structure, corresponding to a graph, is related to the choice of the tuning parameter, which determines the model complexity or degrees of freedom. There has been little research on the degrees of freedom for penalized Gaussian graphical models. In this paper, we propose an estimator of the degrees of freedom in $$\ell _1$$ -penalized Gaussian graphical models. Specifically, we derive an estimator inspired by the generalized information criterion and propose to use this estimator as the bias term for two informatio…

Statistics and ProbabilityStatistics::TheoryKullback–Leibler divergenceKullback-Leibler divergenceComputer scienceGaussianInformation Criteria010103 numerical & computational mathematicsModel complexityModel selection01 natural sciencesTheoretical Computer Science010104 statistics & probabilitysymbols.namesakeStatistics::Machine LearningGeneralized information criterionEntropy (information theory)Statistics::MethodologyGraphical model0101 mathematicsPenalized Likelihood Kullback-Leibler Divergence Model Complexity Model Selection Generalized Information Criterion.Model selectionEstimatorStatistics::ComputationComputational Theory and MathematicsConditional independencesymbolsPenalized likelihoodStatistics Probability and UncertaintySettore SECS-S/01 - StatisticaAlgorithmStatistics and Computing
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Novel Acylated Triterpene Glycosides from Muraltia heisteria

2002

Four new acylated triterpene glycosides (1-4) have been isolated as two inseparable mixtures of the trans- and cis-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl derivatives (1,2 and 3,4) from the roots of Muraltia heisteria. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by various 1D and 2D NMR techniques, including (1)H and (13)C, COSY, NOESY, HSQC, TOCSY, and HMBC experiments and FABMS. Compounds 3 and 4 were shown to be cytotoxic in a human colon cancer cell line but did not show any ability to potentiate in vitro cisplatin cytotoxicity.

StereochemistryAcylationSaponinPharmaceutical ScienceStereoisomerismPharmacognosyPlant RootsAnalytical ChemistrySouth AfricaTriterpeneDrug DiscoveryTumor Cells CulturedHumansOrganic chemistryNuclear Magnetic Resonance BiomolecularChromatography High Pressure LiquidPharmacologychemistry.chemical_classificationMolecular StructureChemistryHydrolysisOrganic ChemistryGlycosideStereoisomerismBiological activitySaponinsAntineoplastic Agents PhytogenicTriterpenesTerpenoidPolygalaceaeComplementary and alternative medicineMolecular MedicineCisplatinDrug Screening Assays AntitumorHT29 CellsTwo-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyJournal of Natural Products
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Acylated Preatroxigenin Glycosides from Atroxima congolana

2003

Six new acylated bisdesmosidic preatroxigenin saponins named atroximasaponins E1, E2 (1, 2), F1, F2 (3, 4), and G1, G2 (5, 6) were isolated as three inseparable mixtures of the trans- and cis-p-methoxycinnamoyl derivatives, from the roots of Atroxima congolana. Their structures were established through extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylpreatroxigenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1--4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1--2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1--3)]-[4-O-trans-p-methoxycinnamoyl]-beta-D-fucopyranoside (atroximasaponin E1, 1), and its cis-isomer, atroximasaponin E2 (2), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylpreatroxigenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1--4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(…

StereochemistryAcylationSaponinPharmaceutical ScienceStereoisomerismPlant RootsAnalytical ChemistryAcylationPlant scienceTriterpeneDrug DiscoveryTetrasaccharideNuclear Magnetic Resonance BiomolecularPharmacologychemistry.chemical_classificationMolecular StructureHydrolysisOrganic ChemistryGlycosideStereoisomerismSaponinsPolygalaceaeCongoComplementary and alternative medicinechemistryAldoseMolecular MedicineJournal of Natural Products
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Triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Spergularia marginata.

2016

Phytochemical investigations of the roots of Spergularia marginata had led to the isolation of four previously undescribed triterpenoid saponins, a known one and one spinasterol glycoside. Their structures were established by extensive NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques as 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl echinocystic acid 28-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L- arabinopyranosyl ester, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl echinocystic acid 28-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)- α-L-arabinopyranosyl ester, 3-O-β-D-glucopy…

StereochemistryCaryophyllaceaeCaryophyllaceaePlant ScienceHorticulture01 natural sciencesBiochemistryPlant Rootschemistry.chemical_compoundTriterpenoidHumansOleanolic AcidCytotoxicityMolecular BiologyNuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomolecularchemistry.chemical_classificationbiologyMolecular Structure010405 organic chemistryGlycosideGeneral MedicineSaponinsbiology.organism_classificationTriterpenes0104 chemical sciences010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistryMoroccoSpinasterolchemistryPhytochemicalTwo-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopySpergulariaPhytochemistry
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Terpenoid glycosides from the root's barks of Eriocoelum microspermum Radlk. ex Engl.

2018

Abstract Eight undescribed triterpenoid saponins together with a known one, and two undescribed sesquiterpene glycosides were isolated from root's barks of Eriocoelum microspermum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D experiments in combinaison with mass spectrometry as 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-α-L-arabinopyranosylhederagenin, 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-α-L-arabinopyranosylhederagenin, 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-α-L-arabinopyranosylhederagenin, 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[α-L-rhamnopyrano…

StereochemistryChemical structurePlant ScienceHorticultureSesquiterpenePlant Roots01 natural sciencesBiochemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundSapindaceaeTriterpenoidCarbohydrate ConformationEriocoelum microspermumGlycosidesMolecular Biologychemistry.chemical_classificationTerpenes010405 organic chemistryChemistrySapindoideaeGlycosideGeneral MedicineTerpenoid0104 chemical sciences010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistryChemotaxonomyPlant BarkPhytochemistry
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Activity of lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species as inhibitors of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2

2005

In the present study, we report that three new lupane triterpenes (1-3), in addition to 16 known ones (4-19), were isolated from the root bark of Maytenus cuzcoina and the leaves of Maytenus chiapensis. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis, including homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation NMR experiments (COSY, ROESY, HSQC, and HMBC). The natural compounds and derivatives 6a, 6b, 9a, and 9b have been tested for potential anti-inflammatory activity, and several compounds including 3-epicalenduladiol (2), 11alpha-hydroxy-glochidone (3), rigidenol (6), acetoxy-rigidenol (6a), 11alpha-acetoxy-30-chloro-3-oxo-lup-20(29)-ene (6b), betulin (9), 28-acetoxy-betulin (9a), epibetul…

StereochemistryClinical BiochemistryPharmaceutical SciencePharmacognosyNitric OxideBiochemistryDinoprostoneTerpeneCelastraceaeMiceStructure-Activity Relationshipchemistry.chemical_compoundTriterpeneDrug DiscoveryAnimalsMolecular Biologychemistry.chemical_classificationBetulinbiologyMaytenusMacrophagesSpectrum AnalysisOrganic ChemistryBiological activityBacterial InfectionsMaytenusbiology.organism_classificationAntineoplastic Agents PhytogenicTriterpenesTerpenoidEndotoxinsPlant LeaveschemistryMolecular MedicineBioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
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Two fungal lanostane derivatives as phospholipase A2 inhibitors.

1996

The hydroalcoholic extract of Poria cocos and two lanostane derivatives isolated from it, pachymic acid (1) and dehydrotumulosic acid (2), were active as inhibitors of phospholipase A2 from snake venom when a polarographic method was used. Dehydrotumulosic acid exhibited an IC50 of 0.845 mM. These two compounds are structurally related to certain triterpenoids from Ganoderma and Schinus that have previously been described as competitive inhibitors of phospholipase A2. These comprise a new group of natural potential antiinflammatory agents due to their interaction with that enzyme.

StereochemistryGanodermaCarboxylic acidPharmaceutical SciencePharmacognosyLanostanePhospholipases AAnalytical ChemistryPolyporaceaechemistry.chemical_compoundPhospholipase A2Oxygen ConsumptionTriterpeneDrug DiscoveryEnzyme InhibitorsPharmacologychemistry.chemical_classificationbiologyOrganic Chemistrybiology.organism_classificationTriterpenesPhospholipases A2Complementary and alternative medicinechemistryBiochemistryEnzyme inhibitorSnake venombiology.proteinMolecular MedicinePolarographySnake VenomsJournal of natural products
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A New Major Triterpene Saponin from the Roots of Cucurbita foetidissima

2000

Foetidissimoside B (1), a novel triterpene saponin, was isolated from the roots of Cucurbita foetidissima. Based on spectroscopic data, especially direct and long-range heteronuclear 2D NMR analysis and on chemical transformations, the structure of 1 was elucidated as 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-echinocystic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->3)-[beta- D-xylopyranosyl (1-->4)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside . Compound 1 did not show any ability to potentiate in vitro cisplatin cytotoxicity in a human colon cancer cell line.

StereochemistryMolecular Sequence DataSaponinPharmaceutical ScienceUronic acidPharmacognosyPlant RootsAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundTriterpeneDrug DiscoveryCarbohydrate ConformationTumor Cells CulturedHumansOleanolic AcidCytotoxicityPharmacologychemistry.chemical_classificationbiologySpectrum AnalysisOrganic ChemistryGlycosideSaponinsbiology.organism_classificationCucurbitaceaeCarbohydrate SequenceComplementary and alternative medicineHeteronuclear moleculechemistryBiochemistryMolecular MedicineCucurbita foetidissimaDrug Screening Assays AntitumorJournal of Natural Products
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Triterpenoid saponins from Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam

2011

Abstract Phytochemical investigation of the under-ground parts of Hydrocotyle bonariensis led to the isolation of five oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, 3- O -{β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[α- l -arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β- d -glucuronopyranosyl}-21- O -(2-methylbutyroyl)-22- O -acetyl-R 1 -barrigenol, 3- O -{β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[α- l -arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β- d -glucuronopyranosyl}-21- O -(2-methylbutyroyl)-28- O -acetyl-R 1 -barrigenol, 3- O -{β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[α- l -arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β- d -glucuronopyranosyl}-21- O -acetyl-R 1 -barrigenol, 3- O -{β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[α- l -arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β- d -glucuronopyranosyl}-R 1 -barrigenol, a…

StereochemistryPlant ScienceHorticultureBiochemistryHydrocotyle bonariensisTriterpenoidHumansCameroonNuclear Magnetic Resonance BiomolecularMolecular BiologyMolecular StructurebiologyChemistryStereoisomerismGeneral MedicineSaponinsHCT116 Cellsbiology.organism_classificationAntineoplastic Agents PhytogenicTriterpenesHuman colon cancerDrug Screening Assays AntitumorHT29 CellsTwo-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyRhizomeApiaceaePhytochemistry
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Triterpene saponins from Billia rosea.

2017

Five previously undescribed triterpene saponins, billiosides A-E, and a known analogue, were isolated from the seeds of Billia rosea (Planch. & Linden) C. Ulloa & P. Jorg. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HSQC, and HMBC) and mass spectrometry as (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21-[((2E,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyocta-2,7-dienoyl)oxy]-22-(acetyloxy)-24-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside, (3β…

StereochemistryPlant ScienceHorticultureDEPTBillia rosea01 natural sciencesBiochemistryIntestinal absorptionTriterpeneOrganic chemistryAnimalsHypoglycemic AgentsMolecular Biologychemistry.chemical_classificationMolecular Structure010405 organic chemistryChemistryHippocastanaceaeGeneral MedicineSaponinsTriterpenes0104 chemical sciencesRatsIntestines010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistryGlucoseIntestinal AbsorptionSeedsMicrosomes LiverTwo-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyPhytochemistry
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