Search results for "S2"
showing 10 items of 200 documents
Sentinel-3/FLEX Biophysical Product Confidence Using Sentinel-2 Land-Cover Spatial Distributions
2021
The estimation of biophysical variables from remote sensing data raises important challenges in terms of the acquisition technology and its limitations. In this way, some vegetation parameters, such as chlorophyll fluorescence, require sensors with a high spectral resolution that constrains the spatial resolution while significantly increasing the subpixel land-cover heterogeneity. Precisely, this spatial variability often makes that rather different canopy structures are aggregated together, which eventually generates important deviations in the corresponding parameter quantification. In the context of the Copernicus program (and other related Earth Explorer missions), this article propose…
Translational readthrough of ciliopathy genes BBS2 and ALMS1 restores protein, ciliogenesis and function in patient fibroblasts
2021
Abstract Background Ciliary dysfunction underlies a range of genetic disorders collectively termed ciliopathies, for which there are no treatments available. Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is characterised by multisystemic involvement, including rod-cone dystrophy and renal abnormalities. Together with Alstrom syndrome (AS), they are known as the ‘obesity ciliopathies’ due to their common phenotype. Nonsense mutations are responsible for approximately 11% and 40% of BBS and AS cases, respectively. Translational readthrough inducing drugs (TRIDs) can restore full-length protein bypassing in-frame premature termination codons, and are a potential therapeutic approach for nonsense-mediated ciliop…
STAT6: its role in interleukin 4-mediated biological functions.
1997
Interleukin (IL) 4 is known to be a cytokine which plays a central role in the regulation of immune response. Studies on cytokine signal transduction have clarified the mechanism by which IL4 exerts its functions. Two cytoplasmic proteins, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 and IL4-induced phosphotyrosine substrate/insulin receptor substrate 2 (4PS/IRS2), are activated in IL4 signal transduction. Recent studies from STAT6-deficient mice have revealed the essential role of STAT6 in IL4-mediated biological actions. In addition, STAT6 has also been demonstrated to be important for the functions mediated by IL13, which is related to IL4. IL4 and IL13 have been shown to in…
MEF2C and SOCS2 in stemness regulation
2015
The physiologic stemness of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) relies on mechanisms constitutively active under steady state and is fundamental to maintain a lifelong HSC reservoir. On the other side, similar stemness features sustained by partially overlapping molecular circuits, which have recently come into focus, confer aggressive aggressiveness in leukemia clones. Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling 2 (SOCS2) belongs to the SOCS family, comprising eight members (SOCS1–7 and CIS) with similar structures, which are induced upon JAK/STAT activation and function as negative regulators. Recent evidences have demonstrated that SOCS2 is endowed with immunological functions in differentiated cells b…
Replication of subgenomic hepatitis C virus RNAs in a hepatoma cell line.
1999
An estimated 170 million persons worldwide are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major cause of chronic liver disease. Despite increasing knowledge of genome structure and individual viral proteins, studies on virus replication and pathogenesis have been hampered by the lack of reliable and efficient cell culture systems. A full-length consensus genome was cloned from viral RNA isolated from an infected human liver and used to construct subgenomic selectable replicons. Upon transfection into a human hepatoma cell line, these RNAs were found to replicate to high levels, permitting metabolic radiolabeling of viral RNA and proteins. This work defines the structure of HCV replicons funct…
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rds2 transcription factor involvement in cell wall composition and architecture
2008
Although the cell wall is very important in yeasts, relatively little is known about the relationship between its structure and function. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a family of 55 transcription factor proteins unique to fungi, so-called zinc cluster proteins, has been described. Of these, Rds2 has been identified as an activator/inhibitor of gluconeogenesis. However, previous studies have pointed out additional roles for this protein, specifically, in the modulation of cell-wall architecture and drug sensitivity. In this work, evidence regarding the role of Rds2 as a regulator of cell-wall architecture and composition is presented based on phenotypical analysis of the cell walls prepared …
Loss of circadian clock gene expression is associated with tumor progression in breast cancer
2014
Several studies suggest a link between circadian rhythm disturbances and tumorigenesis. However, the association between circadian clock genes and prognosis in breast cancer has not been systematically studied. Therefore, we examined the expression of 17 clock components in tumors from 766 node-negative breast cancer patients that were untreated in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. In addition, their association with metastasis-free survival (MFS) and correlation to clinicopathological parameters were investigated. Aiming to estimate functionality of the clockwork, we studied clock gene expression relationships by correlation analysis. Higher expression of several clock genes (e.g., C…
Taste perception and behavior in rodents and flies
2010
Taste, one of the five senses, plays a key role in food ingestion. The recent identification of molecular markers for taste cells (e.g., taste receptors and signaling components) has provided tools to investigate the functional organization of the gustatory system. This new information contributes to our understanding of taste-associated behaviors.
Direct atomic layer deposition of ultrathin aluminium oxide on monolayer $MoS_2$ exfoliated on gold: the role of the substrate
2021
In this paper we demonstrated the thermal Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) growth at 250 {\deg}C of highly homogeneous and ultra-thin ($\approx$ 3.6 nm) $Al_2O_3$ films with excellent insulating properties directly onto a monolayer (1L) $MoS_2$ membrane exfoliated on gold. Differently than in the case of 1L $MoS_2$ supported by a common insulating substrate ($Al_2O_3/Si$), a better nucleation process of the high-k film was observed on the 1L $MoS_2/Au$ system since the ALD early stages. Atomic force microscopy analyses showed a $\approx 50\%$ $Al_2O_3$ surface coverage just after 10 ALD cycles, its increasing up to $>90\%$ (after 40 cycles), and an uniform $\approx$ 3.6 nm film, after 80 cycle…
Strain, doping and electronic transport of large area monolayer MoS2 exfoliated on gold and transferred to an insulating substrate
2021
Gold-assisted mechanical exfoliation currently represents a promising method to separate ultra-large (cm-scale) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) monolayers (1L) with excellent electronic and optical properties from the parent van der Waals (vdW) crystals. The strong interaction between $Au$ and chalcogen atoms is the key to achieve this nearly perfect 1L exfoliation yield. On the other hand, it may affect significantly the doping and strain of 1L TMDs in contact with Au. In this paper, we systematically investigated the morphology, strain, doping, and electrical properties of large area 1L $MoS_{2}$ exfoliated on ultra-flat $Au$ films ($0.16-0.21 nm$ roughness) and finally transferre…