Search results for "SAM"
showing 10 items of 7385 documents
PUBLIC TRUST IN CHARITIES : EVIDENCES FROM FINLAND AND SWEDEN
2019
Master's thesis Innovative governance and public management ME523 - University of Agder 2019 Public sector across the globe is currently experiencing a decline in public trustand this issue has been widelydiscussed across the globe. While working as a fundraiser in summer 2018, the author discovered that charities are struggling to recruit and keep their regular donors. Donations from general people areone of the mainsources of charity funding. Individuals who donate to charities do not receive a direct benefit in exchange for their support to charities. Moreover, they don’t have all the necessary information, on which they can decide to donate. Trust is what facilitates the transactions be…
Charles Dickens's "A Christmas Carol" and Lev Tolstoy's "Where Love Is, There Is God Also": The Quest For the Meaning of Life
2021
Uznanie Lwa Tołstoja dla Charlesa Dickensa, którego pisarz rosyjski podziwiał za demokratyczne i humanistyczne cechy jego pisarstwa, było trwałe i niezmienne. Proces odnajdywania sensu życia i powrotu do społeczeństwa jest jednym z głównych tematów Opowieści wigilijnej i Gdzie miłość – tam i Bóg. Jednak źródła samotności i izolacji bohaterów Dickensa i Tołstoja mają różne podłoża. Scrooge celowo odizolował się od swojej rodziny i unikał kontaktów międzyludzkich. Źródłem samotności Martina był smutek i żal jaki towarzyszył mu po śmierci żony i dzieci. Stąd też bohater Turgieniewa nie widział sensu swojego dalszego życia. Seria wydarzeń i spotkań prowadzi obu bohaterów do wypracowania nowego …
Uncertainty-Based Internal Quality Control. Harmonization Considerations
2006
Three main quality aspects for analytical laboratories are internal method validation, internal quality control (IQC), and sample result uncertainty. Unfortunately, in the past they have been used in a nonharmonized way. The most universal IQC tool is the mean chart, but some criteria used to fix their control limits do not fit the real nature of analytical results. A new approach for fixing these limits is proposed (the u-approach). The key is the combined uncertainty, u, obtained from the method validation information, also used for estimating the sample result uncertainty. A comparative study on "in-control" simulated, bibliographic, and real laboratory data suggests that the u-approach …
Development and validation of a pressurized liquid extraction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for perfluorinated compounds dete…
2009
Abstract This paper describes the development and validation of an analytical methodology to determine eight perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in edible fish using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with water and solid-phase extraction (SPE) with an ion-exchanger as extraction and pre-concentration procedures, followed by liquid chromatography–quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC–QqLIT–MS). The rapidity and effectiveness of the proposed extraction procedure were compared with those most commonly used to isolate PFCs from fish (ion-pairing and alkaline digestion). The average recoveries of the different fish samples, spiked with the eight PFCs at three levels (the LOQ, 10 and 100…
Indoor Air Quality including Respiratory Viruses
2021
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments is a cause of increasing concern. In this study, three sampling methodologies have been used in order to collect SARS-CoV-2 and 17 other respiratory viruses in indoor air, combined with a new analytical process to analyze respiratory viruses. Different areas of an ophthalmological hospital were investigated for the presence of these airborne viruses. Moreover, indoor air quality (IAQ) parameters (carbon dioxide, CO2; carbon monoxide, CO; nitrogen dioxide, NO2; volatile organic compounds, VOCs; formaldehyde, HCHO; and particulate matter, PM) have been examined to study the relationship between IAQ and airborne viruses. All indoor air and sur…
Determination of carbosulfan and its metabolites in oranges by liquid chromatography ion-trap triple-stage mass spectrometry.
2005
Liquid chromatography ion-trap mass spectrometry LC-MSn has been successfully applied to identify and confirm carbosulfan and seven of its metabolites in oranges after pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with dichloromethane. Mass spectra of carbosulfan and its metabolites were investigated using multiple stages of mass spectrometry. Although interpretation of the fragmentation pathways, based on mass spectra, enables structural elucidation and identification of these compounds, the proposed fragmentation pathways and ion structures need verification by exact mass measurements. The analytical method--PLE and LC-MS3 --was validated: limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.01 to 0.07 mg …
Comparison of solid-phase microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction for determining six organophosphorus insecticides in honey by liquid chrom…
2004
Abstract Two approaches based on sorptive extraction, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), in combination with liquid chromatography (LC)–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (MS) have been assayed for analyzing chlorpyriphos methyl, diazinon, fonofos, phenthoate, phosalone, and pirimiphos ethyl in honey. In both, SPME and SBSE, enrichment was performed using a poly(dimethylsiloxane) coating. Significant parameters affecting sorption process such as sample volume, sorption and desorption times, ionic strength, elution solvent, and dilution (water/honey) proportion were optimized and discussed. Performance of both methods has been …
Pesticide residue determination in fruit and vegetables by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
2000
An overview is given of pesticide residue determination in fruit and vegetables by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Emphasis is placed on the thermospray, particle beam and atmospheric pressure ionization interfaces including advantages and drawbacks and typical detection limits. The capacity of each interface to provide useful data for identification/confirmation of analytes and the possibility of obtaining structural information for the identification of target and non-target compounds is discussed. Finally, sample preparation techniques are dealt with in relation to their influence on further LC-MS determination.
Multicommutation as a powerful new analytical tool
2002
This review presents the state of the art of the emerging continuous-flow methodology based on solenoid valves. This uses flow networks to deliver sample and reagent solutions by controlling the time of flow through the ON/OFF modes of solenoid valves and takes advantage of existing flow injection analysis (FIA) or sequential injection analysis (SIA) device or manifold configurations. It allows one to insert a single plug of sample (or reagent) into the carrier or carrier-reagent stream, mimicking the approaches of FIA or SIA. In addition to the modes used in FIA and SIA, the methodology provides a different mode, based on delivery of a series of alternating sequential insertions of very sm…
Green Analytical Chemistry
2008
We discuss the origins and the fundamentals of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC), based on the literature published about clean, environmentally-friendly or GAC methods. We pay special attention to the strategies and the tools available to make sample-pretreatment and analytical methods greener. We consider that the main principles are to replace toxic reagents, to miniaturize and to automate methods, making it possible to reduce dramatically the amounts of reagents consumed and wastes generated, so reducing or avoiding side effects of analytical methods. We also consider on-line decontamination or passivation of wastes to be of special interest in making analytical chemistry sustainable.