Search results for "SANITARIA"
showing 10 items of 520 documents
RIMOZIONE COMBINATA DI CARBONIO E NUTRIENTI IN DUE REATTORI SBR GRANULARI: EFFETTO DELLA DIMENSIONE DEI GRANULI
2015
Sono state investigate le performance di due impianti SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor), alimentati con refluo sintetico a base di acetato di sodio e funzionanti con due differenti tipi di fango aerobico granulare, in termini di dimensione media dei granuli. In particolare, è stato analizzato l’impatto della differente dimensione dei granuli sul processo di nitrificazione e denitrificazione simultanea (Simultaneous Nitrification Denitrification, SND) e sulla rimozione biologica del fosforo. Allo scopo di valutare l’efficienza di tale tipo di processo, sono state applicate differenti strategie di coltivazione e condizioni operative, in termini di carico organico (COD 600-1200 mg/L) e azoto (60-…
High salinity wastewater treatment by membrane bioreactors
2020
Abstract This chapter reviews the state of the art regarding the use of membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems for saline wastewater treatment. In particular, a comprehensive review is presented discussing the most adopted MBR configurations for the treatment of saline wastewater. Further, the chapter discusses the main effects of salinity on the biological performance, kinetic parameters, fouling development, sludge rheological features, and greenhouse gas (GHG) production. Literature results show that there is a significant effect of the salinity (and/or salinity variations) on the biological performance and membrane filtration. Specifically, it was found that a gradual salinity increase, carr…
Physical properties and Extracellular Polymeric Substances pattern of aerobic granular sludge treating hypersaline wastewater.
2017
The modification of the physical properties of aerobic granular sludge treating fish-canning wastewater is discussed in this paper. The structure and composition of the Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPSs) were analyzed at different salinity levels and related to granules stability. Results outlined that the total EPSs content increased with salinity, despite the EPSs increment was not proportional to the salt concentration. Moreover, the EPSs structure was significantly modified by salinity, leading to a gradual increase of the not-bound EPSs fraction, which was close to the 50% of the total EPSs content at 75 g NaCl L-1. The increasing salt concentration modified also the EPSs compos…
Comparison between kinetics of autochthonous marine bacteria in activated sludge and granular sludge systems at different salinity and SRTs.
2019
Biological nutrient removal performances and kinetics of autochthonous marine biomass in forms of activated sludge and aerobic granular sludge were investigated under different salinity and sludge retention time (SRT). Both the biomasses, cultivated from a fish-canning wastewater, were subjected to stepwise increases in salinity (+2 gNaCl L−1), from 30 gNaCl L−1 up to 50 gNaCl L−1 with the aim to evaluate the maximum potential in withstanding salinity by the autochthonous marine biomass. Microbial marine species belonging to the genus of Cryomorphaceae and of Rhodobacteraceae were found dominant in both the systems at the maximum salinity tested (50 gNaCl L−1). The organic carbon was remove…
Comparison between moving bed-membrane bioreactor (MB-MBR) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems: Influence of wastewater salinity variation
2014
Two pilot plant systems were investigated for the treatment of wastewater subject to a gradual increase of salinity. In particular, a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a moving bed biofilm membrane bioreactor (MB-MBR) were analyzed. Carbon and ammonium removal, kinetic constants and membranes fouling rates have been assessed. Both plants showed very high efficiency in terms of carbon and ammonium removal and the gradual salinity increase led to a good acclimation of the biomass, as confirmed by the respirometric tests. Significant biofilm detachments from carriers were experienced, which contributed to increase the irreversible superficial cake deposition. However, this aspect prevented the por…
Simultaneous nitritation-denitritation for the treatment of high-strength nitrogen in hypersaline wastewater by aerobic granular sludge
2015
Abstract Fish processing industries produce wastewater containing high amounts of salt, organic matter and nitrogen. Biological treatment of such wastewaters could be problematic due to inhibitory effects exerted by high salinity levels. In detail, high salt concentrations lead to the accumulation of nitrite due to the inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. The feasibility of performing simultaneous nitritation and denitritation in the treatment of fish canning wastewater by aerobic granular sludge was evaluated, and simultaneous nitritation–denitritation was successfully sustained at salinities up to 50 gNaCl L −1 , with a yield of over 90%. The total nitrogen concentration in the efflu…
Cavanilles y los problemas sanitarios de la Ilustración
1992
El presente trabajo aborda un acercamiento a la situación sanitaria de las poblaciones valencianas durante la Ilustración y algunos de sus principales problemas, a través del testimonio del naturalista Antonio Jose Cavanilles. Se analiza la noción de contagio, la dimensión social y económica de un problema sanitario, como era el paludismo vinculado al cultivo del arroz, sus testimonios acerca de la incidencia de determinadas enfermedades, las epidemias de viruela y la variolizacion, el empleo de aguas minero-medicinales, los remedios populares contra la rabia y la mordedura de serpiente y su testimonio de las condiciones higiénicas y asistenciales de la población.
Physical features of Health Care Waste
2008
A monitoring work was recently carried out in two major Health Care Facilities (HCFs) in Italy, both located in Palermo, to obtain information on waste generation rates. Monitoring consisted in weighing infectious waste containers for 15 days in 4 Departments for each health care facility. From values obtained monthly production, specific weights and Production Indexes were calculated. The main producers of waste appeared Oncological DH and Resuscitation for both HCFs, with more than 4 and 3 kg measured per occupied place and day, respectively. About specific weight, apparent bulk values always below 200 kg/m3 were calculated. From the short observation performed it seems that notable impro…
Health Care Waste production: measures and estimates in “V. Cervello” Hospital, Palermo, Italy.
2009
A monitoring work was carried out in May/June 2007 in one large hospital located in Palermo. The monitoring consisted in weighing the infectious waste containers filled in some Departments purposely chosen. As a second stage of the work a comparison was attempted between the results obtained from the waste production monitoring and the Hospital’s purchases recorded in the same time. A restricted list of purchased products out of the general one was extracted. Such list allows one to calculate approximately the mass of medical devices purchased and their composition. To these materials a reasonable change in humidity after use was attributed. It was possible in this deductive way to draw a p…
Necesidad de una coordinación socio-sanitaria ante situaciones de emergencia social en las localidades de Xàtiva y Ontinyent (España)
2019
This article try to show up whether there is a need to coordinate the local Social Services (“SS.SS” in Spanish) with the Emergency Health Care Service (“SAMU” in Spanish) from both Xàtiva and Ontinyent (towns of the Community of Valencia) in order to allow an integrated care, carried out using an ad-hoc survey completed by (“SAMU” in Spanish) health workers and social workers from both Xàtiva and Ontinyent making up a descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study. Some of the results show that all the professionals point out the absolute need to coordinate the SAMU with the (“SS.SS” in Spanish) and that almost all of the sample believe that it is essential or necessary to implement …