Search results for "SAP"
showing 10 items of 1142 documents
Updated insights into the mechanism of action and clinical profile of the immunoadjuvant QS-21: A review
2019
Background Vaccine adjuvants are compounds that significantly enhance/prolong the immune response to a co-administered antigen. The limitations of the use of aluminium salts that are unable to elicite cell responses against intracellular pathogens such as those causing malaria, tuberculosis, or AIDS, have driven the development of new alternative adjuvants such as QS-21, a triterpene saponin purified from Quillaja saponaria. Purpose The aim of this review is to attempt to clarify the mechanism of action of QS-21 through either receptors or signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo with special emphasis on the co-administration with other immunostimulants in new adjuvant formulations, called a…
MOESM5 of What are the effects of even-aged and uneven-aged forest management on boreal forest biodiversity in Fennoscandia and European Russia? A sy…
2019
Additional file 5. Data extraction spreadsheet.
Vapor phase epitaxy of Hg1−xCdxI2 on sapphire
1998
Abstract We demonstrate the possibility of growing Hg 1− x Cd x I 2 layers on sapphire substrates by vapor-phase epitaxy (VPE). The successful growth has been carried out using an α-HgI 2 polycrystalline source and a CdTe buffer layer grown on sapphire by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) before the Hg 1− x Cd x I 2 VPE growth. The Hg 1− x Cd x I 2 /sapphire 20–40 μm thick layers with a uniform composition in the range of x =0.2–0.6 were grown at 220–250°C for 70–300 h. The layers were studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy disperse X-ray analysis and X-ray diffractometry. Results on the layer characterization are reported and the effect of VPE conditions on the layer proper…
Structural characterization of CdTe layers grown on (0001) sapphire by MOCVD
2004
Abstract We report on the growth of CdTe layers directly onto (0 0 0 1) sapphire substrates by MOCVD. The structure and morphology of the layers have been investigated as a function of growth temperature and II/VI precursor molar ratio by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The texture of the samples has revealed the existence of a temperature threshold, with higher growth temperatures resulting on completely (1 1 1) oriented layers. Some of these layers contained microtwins, as indicated by the extra peaks in the {4 2 2} Φ scans, leading to the existence of two different domains. The structural quality of each domain, as well as of the sample as a whole, has been determined…
Selective area vapor-phase epitaxy and structural properties of Hg1 − xCdxTe on sapphire
1997
Selective area (SA) Hg1 − xCdxTesapphire layers have been grown using the recently developed technique of the vapor-phase epitaxy (VPE) of Hg1 − xCdxTe layers on CdTesapphire heteroepitaxial substrates (HS), which we have called “VPE on HS technique” (Sochinskii et al., J. Crystal Growth 149 (1995) 35; 161 (1996) 195). First, planar CdTe (1 1 1) 5–7 μm thick layers were grown on sapphire (0 0 0 1) wafers by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) at 340°C for 1–2.5 h using dimethylcadmium and di-isopropyltellurium as precursors. Second, CdTe/sapphire mesas were formed using standard photolithography in the form of alternating parallel linear arrays consisting of 500 × 70 μm2 elements. Thir…
Study of the chemically activated sublimation of ZnSe
1999
Abstract The reactions and processes involved in the growth of ZnSe by chemically activated sublimation in a H 2 atmosphere are studied. The rate of transport as a function of source and substrate temperatures and the difference between them are determined from close spacing vapour transport experiments. According to this process, ZnSe layers are deposited on sapphire substrates by short distance chemically assisted sublimation. The experimental results are analysed and the thermodynamic constants of the transport are determined using a theoretical model for kinetically controlled processes, assuming water to act as sublimation catalyst. A preliminary optical and structural characterisation…
Isomerisierung von 2‐Alkoxycyclopropancarbonsäuren – Eine effektive Synthese von 4‐Oxocarbonsäuren
1983
(Z/E)-2-Alkoxycyclopropansaureester 2/3 werden aus Enolethern 1 und Diazoessigester hergestellt. Durch Verseifen entstehen die (Z/E)-2-Alkoxycyclopropancarbonsauren 4/5, welche in Wasser/Methanol Stereomutation zeigen. Diese Isomerisierung wird an (E)-2-Methoxy-2-phenyl-cyclopropancarbonsaure (5a) in deuterierten Losungsmitteln untersucht und mechanistisch interpretiert. Beim Erwarmen in Wasser/Methanol offnen sich die Verbindungen 4/5 quantitativ zu den entsprechenden 4-Oxocarbonsauren 6. Isomerisation of 2-Alkoxycyclopropanecarboxylic Acids – An Effective Synthesis of 4-Oxo Carboxylic Acids (Z/E)-2-2-Alkoxycyclopropanecarboxylic esters 2/3 were prepared from enol ethers 1 and ethyl diazoa…
Chapitre 11: Goût des ingrédients et des produits cosmétiques
2020
International audience
Chapitre 15: le goût des ingrédients et des produits cosmétiques
2017
International audience