Search results for "SCAD"

A synthetic approach to new polycyclic ring system of biological interest through domino reaction: indolo[2,3-e][1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine

2006

Abstract The title indolo-triazolo-pyrimidines were obtained from 3-azidoindoles and can be used as models for the design of DNA-interactive compounds. Hetero-domino reaction of azidoindoles/pyrroles and acetonitriles constitutes the synthetic entry to annelated 1,2,3-triazolo[1,5- a ]pyrimidines.

Vulnerability Analysis of Interdependent Critical Infrastructures upon a Cyber-attack

2019

Basics of Ion Scattering in Nanoscale Materials

2009

Energetic ions interact with materials by collisions with the nuclei and electrons of the atoms that make up the material. In these collisions, energy and momentum is transferred from the projectile particle, which is a moving atom or ion, to the target particles (atomic nucleus or electron). Each collision leads to a slowing down of the moving projectile and also a deflection of the trajectory that gives rise to the term scattering, which is often used synonymously to describe the energy transfer process.

A Coexistence Analysis of Blockchain, SCADA Systems, and OpenADR for Energy Services Provision

2022

The advent of blockchain technology allows the raise of new business models for the electricity market, opening the way also to end-users and letting them offer regulation services to the power grid. Thanks to the characteristic of being distributed, the blockchain technology could be a solution to balancing problems caused by the penetration of renewable sources, implementing a platform for Demand-Response programs delivery. Demand-Response allows consumers to respond to market signals by increasing or reducing their energy consumption, contributing to greater flexibility and stability of the grid and to a more efficient use of infrastructures and energy resources. Currently, Demand-Respon…

Differences in the signaling pathways of α(1A)- and α(1B)-adrenoceptors are related to different endosomal targeting.

2013

AIMS: To compare the constitutive and agonist-dependent endosomal trafficking of α(1A)- and α(1B)-adrenoceptors (ARs) and to establish if the internalization pattern determines the signaling pathways of each subtype. METHODS: Using CypHer5 technology and VSV-G epitope tagged α(1A)- and α(1B)-ARs stably and transiently expressed in HEK 293 cells, we analyzed by confocal microscopy the constitutive and agonist-induced internalization of each subtype, and the temporal relationship between agonist induced internalization and the increase in intracellular calcium (determined by FLUO-3 flouorescence), or the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases (determined by Western blot). RESULTS AND C…

Dissecting the different biological effects of oncogenic Ras isoforms in cancer cell lines: Could stimulation of oxidative stress be the one more wea…

2012

Abstract Ras proteins are small GTPase functioning as molecular switches that, in response to particular extracellular signalling, as growth factors, activate a diverse array of intracellular effector cascades regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Human tumours frequently express Ras proteins (Ha-, Ki-, N-Ras) activated by point mutations which contribute to malignant phenotype, including invasiveness and angiogenesis. Despite the common signalling pathways leading to similar cellular responses, studies clearly demonstrate unique roles of the Ras family members in normal and pathological conditions and the lack of functional redundancy seems to be explainable, at lea…

Divide and rule: The role of ubiquitination in inactivation of the ERK5-MAPK cascade

2014

Recently, we revealed that ubiquitination of MEKK2 and MEKK3 by inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) directly disrupts MEK5/ERK5 interaction and subsequently attenuates ERK5 activation. In addition, loss of XIAP promotes human myogenic differentiation in an ERK5-dependent manner. These results reveal another layer of MAPK regulation and a novel role for XIAP in controlling myogenic differentiation.

Identification and characterization of an ABA-activated MAP kinase cascade in Arabidopsis thaliana.

2015

†These authors contributed equally to the work. Accession numbers Sequence data from this article can be found in Arabidopsis Genome Initiative or GenBank/EMBL databases under the following accession numbers: At1g10210 (MPK1), At1g59580 (MPK2), At2g43790 (MPK6), At2g18170 (MPK7), At1g18150 (MPK8), At4g36450 (MPK14), At5g40440 (MKK3), At2g32510 (MAP3K17) and At1g05100 (MAP3K18). SUMMARY Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone involved in important stress-related and developmental plant processes. Recent phosphoproteomic analyses revealed a large set of ABA-triggered phosphoproteins as putative mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) targets, although the evidence for MAPKs involved in AB…

Synthesis and biological evaluation of cycloalkylidene carboxylic acids as novel effectors of Ras/Raf interaction.

2002

The protooncogenes Ras and Raf play important roles in signal transduction pathways regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinases. Mutations of Ras that arrest the protein in its active state are frequently implicated in tumor formation. We used Ras and Raf proteins in the yeast two-hybrid system to search for natural or synthesized substances capable of modulating Ras/Raf interaction by specifically binding to one of the interacting partners. We found that cycloalkylidene carboxylic acids enhanced Ras/Raf interaction by acting on the cysteine-rich domain of Raf. Several analogues of the active substance 2-cyclohexylidene propanoic acid were synthesized and the importance of the semicyclic…

Dimerization of the kinase ARAF promotes MAPK pathway activation and cell migration.

2014

The RAF family of kinases mediates RAS signaling, and RAF inhibitors can be effective for treating tumors with BRAF V600E mutant protein. However, RAF inhibitors paradoxically accelerate metastasis in RAS -mutant tumors and become ineffective in BRAF V600E tumors because of reactivation of downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. We found that the RAF isoform ARAF has an obligatory role in promoting MAPK activity and cell migration in a cell type–dependent manner. Knocking down ARAF prevented the activation of MAPK kinase 1 (MEK1) and extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and decreased the number of protrusions from tumor cell spheroids in three-dimensi…