Search results for "SD"
showing 10 items of 20459 documents
Perception des adventices par les agriculteurs, conseillers, techniciens d’expérimentation et chercheurs en France
2019
Une enquête nationale ayant recueilli 1320 réponses (839 analysées dans cet article), dont 56% d'agriculteurs, 26% de conseillers, 14% de techniciens/expérimentateurs et 4% de chercheurs, a permis de sonder leur perception des adventices. Les effets positifs des adventices ont moins d’importance aux yeux des sondés que leurs effets négatifs. Pour les effets négatifs, la perte de rendement (nuisibilité primaire directe) et l’augmentation du stock semencier (nuisibilité secondaire) sont les plus importants. Entre 60% et 80% des personnes enquêtées jugent importants les effets négatifs sur la conduite des travaux agricoles et la perte de qualité la récolte. Les effets positifs « sources de pol…
En EHPAD, repérer les petits mangeurs et adapter leur alimentation : quel coût, quel bénéfice ?
2018
National audience; Des pesées alimentaires ont montré qu'une large majorité de personnes âgées vivant en EHPAD (Etablissement d'Hébergement pour Personne Âgée Dépendante) ne mange pas suffisamment pour couvrir ses besoins nutritionnels. Il s'ensuit un coût pour les personnes elles-mêmes (augmentation du risque nutritionnel), ainsi qu'un coût pour l'environnement (gaspillage alimentaire). Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de RENESSENS était de proposer aux résidents d'EHPAD une offre alimentaire adaptée à leurs capacités d'ingestion afin de couvrir leurs besoins nutritionnels. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé une étude clinique de 6 mois dans deux maisons de retraite, l'une contrôle (n=43) et l'autr…
Nutrient sensing: What can we learn from different tastes about the nutrient contents in today's foods?
2019
Abstract Tastes are often described as having a nutrient-signaling function eliciting expectations about the food and its nutrient content. The objectives of this work was to investigate correlations between taste intensity and nutrient content, to evaluate the impact of competing tastes on these relationships, and to know if the content in certain nutrients could be inferred from a combination of tastes. The Food Taste Database (Martin et al., 2014) and a French Food Composition table (ANSES-Ciqual) were used to obtain a dataset combining sensory and nutritional information for 365 foods. Our results confirm the existence of several taste-nutrient relationships previously suggested by othe…
Les saveurs peuvent-elles nous renseigner sur le contenu en nutriments des aliments ?
2019
Study of the impact of viticultural practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with vines
2021
Arbuscular mycorrhiza, a mutualistic symbiosis established between plants andarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), providesmany ecosystem services such as improved soilstructure, increased plant growth and nutrition,and improved tolerance to biotic and abioticstresses. However, intensive agricultural practicesand the use of phytosanitary products as forexample herbicide and fungicides, have a strongimpact on communities of soil microorganisms,including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as well ason biological mechanisms within the ecosystem.This thesis wotk is part of the European Biovineproject supported by the European Commissionthrough the CORE Organic Cofund.The aim of this research work was …
Development of taste preferences in early life
2017
International audience
Nāves motīvs Aleksandra Čaka prozā līdz Otrajam pasaules karam
2021
Bakalaura darbā “Nāves motīvs Aleksandra Čaka prozā līdz Otrajam pasaules karam” analizēti visi līdz Otrajam pasaules karam publicētie A. Čaka stāsti, kuros minēts nāves motīvs. Stāsti analizēti mākslinieciskajā laiktelpā un 20. gs. 20. un 30. gadu latviešu īsās prozas attīstības kontekstā. Darbā pētīta nāves nozīme stāstu mākslinieciskajā pasaulē un prozas varoņa atainojumā. A. Čaks pieder modernajai 30. gadu literātu paaudzei, kuru īsprozas centrā ir vientuļš, atsvešināts un dažādu psiholoģisku problēmu nomākts indivīds. Darbā secināts, ka A. Čaka stāstu varonis jūtas pasaulē ierobežots. Nāve stāstu varonim nozīmē izeju no viņa ierobežotā esības stāvokļa, iespēju izbēgt no dzīves grūtībām.
The Sick Adipose Tissue: New Insights Into Defective Signaling and Crosstalk With the Myocardium
2021
Adipose tissue (AT) biology is linked to cardiovascular health since obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and positively correlated with excessive visceral fat accumulation. AT signaling to myocardial cells through soluble factors known as adipokines, cardiokines, branched-chain amino acids and small molecules like microRNAs, undoubtedly influence myocardial cells and AT function via the endocrine-paracrine mechanisms of action. Unfortunately, abnormal total and visceral adiposity can alter this harmonious signaling network, resulting in tissue hypoxia and monocyte/macrophage adipose infiltration occurring alongside expanded intra-abdominal and epicardial fat depots seen …
A common biological basis of obesity and nicotine addiction
2013
Contains fulltext : 128630.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Smoking influences body weight such that smokers weigh less than non-smokers and smoking cessation often leads to weight increase. The relationship between body weight and smoking is partly explained by the effect of nicotine on appetite and metabolism. However, the brain reward system is involved in the control of the intake of both food and tobacco. We evaluated the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting body mass index (BMI) on smoking behavior, and tested the 32 SNPs identified in a meta-analysis for association with two smoking phenotypes, smoking initiation (SI) and the number of cigarettes smoked …
Perception oro-sensorielle des lipides alimentaires et obésité
2016
International audience; The gustation is a dynamic system able to rapid physiological adaptations in response to on-going environmental changes that characterize our feed (rhythm, quality, quantity). Based on the modulation of taste sensitivity thresholds, this homeostatic system contributes to build the feeding behavior by driving the food choices. Therefore, a dysfunction of this regulatory system might impact on dietary habits and thus, ultimately, on health. Consistent with this assumption, recent data report that a diet-induced obesity is associated both with a dysfunction of the oral fat detection system and a preferential consumption of fat-rich diets in rats and mice. In humans, a s…