Search results for "SIZE"
showing 10 items of 2718 documents
The Relationship Between Tooth Size Discrepancy and Archform Classification in Orthodontic Patients
2015
Background: To determine the relationship between clinically significant tooth size discrepancies (TSD) and archform classification in orthodontic patients. Material and Methods: Two hundred and forty consecutive sets of pre-treatment orthodontic study models were scanned and landmarked. All models had permanent teeth erupted from first molar to first molar in both arches. Sixty sets of images were classified into two groups of 30 according to the presence (group 1) or absence (group 2) of a clinically significant overall or anterior TSD (>2 SD from Bolton’s original means). Mean upper and lower archforms were created for each group using a fourth degree polynomial curve. Upper and lower ar…
Phosphorus Loss in Overfertilized Soils: The Selective P Partitioning and Redistribution Between Particle Size Separates
2007
Using 12 well-characterised European soils contrasting in their physical and chemical properties, we demonstrate significant differences in the partitioning of phosphorus (P) between various particle size separates. Samples of each soil were subjected to one of three methods of increasingly aggressive dispersion in the order water (WD), mechanical (MD) or chemical (CD). A general, although not exclusive, inverse relationship existed between the concentration of various attributes (these included organic carbon, oxalate and dithionite iron contents, total P, resin and water extractable P) and particle size. The quantity, composition and physico-chemical properties of individual size separate…
Terrestrial carbon and intraspecific size-variation shape lake ecosystems
2007
Conceptual models of lake ecosystem structure and function have generally assumed that energy in pelagic systems is derived from in situ photosynthesis and that its use by higher trophic levels depends on the average properties of individuals in consumer populations.These views are challenged by evidence that allochthonous subsidies of organic carbon greatly influence energy mobilization and transfer and the trophic structure of pelagic food webs, and that size variation within consumer species has major ramifications for lake communitydynamics and structure. These discoveries represent conceptual shifts that have yet to be integrated into current views on lake ecosystems. Here, we assess k…
Evaluation of different mechanical fruit harvesting systems and oil quality in very large size olive trees
2014
In 2006 and 2009, trials were carried out in the Apulia region in Southern Italy to evalu-ate the possibility of mechanizing olive harvesting in groves of old and very large trees. The trees belonged to the cultivars ‘Cellina di Nardò’ and ‘Ogliarola Salentina’. They were 60-100 years old and 7-9 m tall with a canopy volume of 140-360 m3. In the first half of November 2006, with a mechanical beater mounted on a tractor plus hand-held pneumatic combs, the harvesting yield was close to 90% of the total olives present in the canopy, and the harvesting working productivity was around 60 kg of harvested olives h-1 worker-1. With a self-propelled shaker attached to the main branches the harvestin…
Placental alkaline phosphatase types in Germany
1974
The phenotypes of placental alkaline phosphatase were determined in a sample of 231 Germans and 109 non-Germans. The observed gene frequencies of the German sample were \({\text{Pl}}^{{\text{S}}_{\text{1}} } {\text{ = 0}}{\text{.654}}\), \({\text{Pl}}^{{\text{F}}_{\text{1}} } {\text{ = 0}}{\text{.247}}\), and \({\text{Pl}}^{{\text{I}}_{\text{1}} } {\text{ = 0}}{\text{.097}}\). No association could be found with placental weight. Lower birth weight was correlated with an increase of the \({\text{Pl}}^{{\text{I}}_{\text{1}} } \) gene frequency.
Synthesis and Characterization of Monodisperse Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles−Evaluation of the Nucleation and Growth Mechanism
2009
Magnetic nanoparticles of the 3d transition metal oxides have gained enormous interest for applications in various fields such as data storage devices, catalysis, drug-delivery, and biomedical imaging. One major requirement for these applications is a narrow size distribution of the particles. We have studied the nucleation and growth mechanism for the formation of MnO nanoparticles synthesized by decomposition of a manganese oleate complex in high boiling nonpolar solvents using TEM, FT-IR, and AAS analysis. The exceptionally narrow size distribution indicates that nucleation and growth are clearly separated. This leads to a uniform growth with a very narrow size distribution on the existi…
Genomic Analysis of Bacterial Outbreaks
2016
The study of outbreaks of infectious diseases has been revolutionized by the current availability of fast and efficient, high-throughput methods capable of yielding the nucleotide sequence of complete genomes of viruses and bacteria within a few days, or even hours. These methods are replacing previous molecular techniques which have been used for the past 30 years, although many of them are still the usual approach for many such investigations. Here we review the major technologies currently in use for high-throughput sequencing of bacterial genomes emphasizing their advantages and drawbacks for the analysis of outbreaks. The use of more efficient methods does not necessarily mean that all…
Multilayer capsules: a promising microencapsulation system for transplantation of pancreatic islets
2001
In 1980, Lim and Sun introduced a microcapsule coated with an alginate/polylysine complex for encapsulation of pancreatic islets. Characteristic to this type of capsule is, that it consists of a plain membrane which is formed during a single procedural step. With such a simple process it is difficult to obtain instantly a membrane optimized with respect to all the properties requested for islet transplantation. To overcome these difficulties, it is recommended to build up the membrane in several consecutive steps, each optimized for a certain property. In this study, we have analysed such a multilayer microcapsule for the encapsulation of pancreatic islets. Therefore, empty and islet contai…
The Norway spruce genome sequence and conifer genome evolution
2013
Conifers have dominated forests for more than 200 million years and are of huge ecological and economic importance. Here we present the draft assembly of the 20-gigabase genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies), the first available for any gymnosperm. The number of well-supported genes (28,354) is similar to the >100 times smaller genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, and there is no evidence of a recent whole-genome duplication in the gymnosperm lineage. Instead, the large genome size seems to result from the slow and steady accumulation of a diverse set of long-terminal repeat transposable elements, possibly owing to the lack of an efficient elimination mechanism. Comparative sequencing of Pinu…
Evolutionary transition to the ectomycorrhizal habit in the genomes of a hyperdiverse lineage of mushroom‐forming fungi
2022
International audience; Summary The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis has independently evolved from diverse types of saprotrophic ancestors. In this study, we seek to identify genomic signatures of the transition to the ECM habit within the hyper-diverse Russulaceae. We present comparative analyses of the genomic architecture and the total and secreted gene repertoires of 18 species across the order Russulales of which 13 are newly sequenced, including a representative of a saprotrophic member of Russulaceae, Gloeopeniophorella convolvens. The genomes of ECM Russulaceae are characterized by a loss of genes for plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), an expansion of genome size through in…