Search results for "SOI"
showing 10 items of 4823 documents
Runoff initiation, soil detachment and connectivity are enhanced as a consequence of vineyards plantations.
2017
[EN] Rainfall-induced soil erosion is a major threat, especially in agricultural soils. In the Mediterranean belt, vineyards are affected by high soil loss rates, leading to land degradation. Plantation of new vines is carried out after deep ploughing, use of heavy machinery, wheel traffic, and trampling. Those works result in soil physical properties changes and contribute to enhanced runoff rates and increased soil erosion rates. The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of the plantation of vineyards on soil hydrological and erosional response under low frequency - high magnitude rainfall events, the ones that under the Mediterranean climatic conditions trigger extreme soil ero…
Speciation and Mobility of Arsenic in Agricultural Lime
2009
Agricultural liming materials are used to correct soil acidity and to improve plant growth and microbial functionality. A relatively low-grade agricultural lime was found to contain up to 125 mg kg(-1) arsenic (As), which is above any fertilizing materials code threshold. The color of the milled material is brown due to ample oxide dendrites. Microprobe elemental maps confirmed that these accessory oxide mineral phases are responsible for the elevated As concentrations in the limestone. The black Mn-bearing dendrites contain minor amounts of As, whereas the brown Fe-bearing dendrites contain the major part of the As inventory, with an Fe/As molar ratio around 100. Because the elemental maps…
Spontaneous ecological recovery of vegetation in a red gypsum landfill: Betula pendula dominates after 10 years of inactivity
2019
International audience; Red gypsum is the product of the neutralization of titanium dioxide (TiO 2) extraction residue from ilmenite and anatase. The disposal of red gypsum creates heterogeneous plots with layers that may include Fe, Ca, Al, Mg, Mn, S, and other elements and an alkaline pH that makes revegetation complicated and slow. The vertical and horizontal dispersion of the sediment particles are the main concern. Therefore, the establishment of precise vegetation cover is needed to address this issue. One of the aims of this study was (1) to explore the distribution of the spontaneous vegetation found along a red gypsum-formed landfill located at the Ochsenfeld site in eastern France…
Comparative assessment of a foam-based oxidative treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated unsaturated and anisotropic soils.
2019
Abstract In situ delivery of liquid reagents in vadose zone is limited by soil anisotropy and gravity. The enhanced delivery of persulfate (PS) as oxidant, using a new foam-based method (F-PS) was compared at bench-scale to traditional water-based (W-PS) and surfactant solution-based (S-PS) deliveries. The goal was to distribute PS uniformly in coal tar-contaminated unsaturated and anisotropic soils, both in terms of permeability and contamination. Water was the less efficiently delivered fluid because of the hydrophobicity of the contaminated soils. Surfactant enhanced PS-distribution into contaminated zones by reducing interfacial tension and inverting soil wettability. Regardless of coal…
Insight into metal immobilization and microbial community structure in soil from a steel disposal dump phytostabilized with composted, pyrolyzed or g…
2021
Abstract The soil system is a key component of the environment that can serve as a sink of pollutants. Using processed waste for aided phytostabilization of metals (HMs) in contaminated soils is an attractive phytoremediation technique that integrates waste utilization and recycling. In this study, we evaluated the effect of biologically and thermally processed wastes, i.e. sewage sludge compost (CSS), poultry feather ash (AGF) and willow chip biochar (BWC), on phytostabilization of contaminated soil from a steel disposal dump. Greenhouse experiments with Lupinus luteus L. and amendments (dosage: 3.0%, w/w) were conducted for 58 days. Soil toxicity was evaluated with Ostracodtoxkit and Phyt…
Sorption of humic substances on aquifer material at artificial recharge of groundwater
2003
Experiments in batch equilibrium system were carried out to evaluate the importance of physical and chemical factors determining the sorption efficiency of humic substances (HS) on aquifer material, which has been used for artificial recharge of groundwater (ARG) in drinking water production. Results showed that an increase of the amount of clay in the aquifer material and a decrease of pH in water increased the sorption efficiency. The sorption of higher molecular weight, more hydrophobic and aromatic HS (Aldrich and forest soil humic acids) were greater than the sorption of acidic HS (river fulvic acids), either on the aquifer material or to its representative sorbing phases, clay and org…
Release of phosphorus under reducing and simulated open drainage conditions from overfertilised soils
2014
Does removal of cations from soil solution during soil reduction stimulate phosphorus (P) release? An ion-exchange resin system was employed to provide a sink during the incubation of twelve soils under fully reducing conditions. This experimental design was considered to better simulate the loss of ions likely to occur under field conditions than more routine batch type closed extraction systems where solutes build-up in the extract solution. The small solute concentrations that remain in the equilibrating solution suggest the mixed resin system acted as an effective sink over the whole experimental period. By maintaining a small P concentration the resin system mimics soil drainage condit…
The toxicity and concentrations of PAHs in creosote-contaminated lake sediment
1999
Sediment samplers, divided into three layers (0 – 10, 10 – 20 and 20 – 30 cm), were collected from 16 sites in Lake Jamsanvesi, Central Finland. The acute toxicity of pore waters and elutriates (sediment + water 1:4 v/v) were studied by bioluminescence inhibition test and by immobilisation of water fleas (Daphnia magna Straus). Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and elutriates were measured by gas chromatography using flame ionization detection (GC/FID). The highest total PAH concentration was 3.3 mg/g dry weight in the sediment and up to 1.7 mg/l in the elutriate of the uppermost (0 – 10 cm) layer, also being the most toxic to photoluminencent bacteria, …
An engineered plant that accumulates higher levels of heavy metals than Thlaspi caerulescens, with yields of 100 times more biomass in mine soils
2006
8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables.
A model for the formation and degradation of bound residues of the herbicide 14C-isoproturon in soil
1999
Abstract The humic monomer catechol was reacted with 14 C-isoproturon and some of its metabolites, including 14 C-4-isopropylaniline, in aqueous solution under a stream of oxygen. Only in the case of 14 C-4-isopropylaniline, incorporation in oligomers, in fulvic acid-like polymers, and in humic acid-like polymers was observed. The main oligomer was identified by mass spectrometry as 4,5-bis-(4-isopropylphenylamino)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dione. Oligomers and polymers containing bound 14 C-4-isopropylaniline were subjected to biodegradation studies in a loamy agricultural soil during 55 days by quantifying 14 CO 2 evolved. In all cases, significant mineralization rates could be determined, w…