Search results for "STED"

showing 10 items of 2256 documents

Why Translation Is Difficult

2017

The paper develops a definition of translation literality that is based on the syntactic and semantic similarity of the source and the target texts. We provide theoretical and empirical evidence that absolute literal translations are easy to produce. Based on a multilingual corpus of alternative translations we investigate the effects of cross-lingual syntactic and semantic distance on translation production times and find that non-literality makes from-scratch translation and post-editing difficult. We show that statistical machine translation systems encounter even more difficulties with non-literality.

Linguistics and LanguageTranslationStatistical machine translationMachine translationComputer science02 engineering and technologycomputer.software_genreMachine translation software usability050105 experimental psychologyLanguage and LinguisticsExample-based machine translationRule-based machine translation0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringPost-editing0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesDynamic and formal equivalencebusiness.industryCommunication05 social sciencesTransfer-based machine translationLinguisticsNon-literalityComputer-assisted translation020201 artificial intelligence & image processingSynchronous context-free grammarArtificial intelligencebusinesscomputerNatural language processingHermes
researchProduct

El uso de tú y usted en el área metropolitana de Valencia. Un enfoque variacionista

2017

espanolEn este trabajo se realiza un estudio estadistico sobre el uso de las formas de tratamiento en Valencia y su area metropolitana. Tras una breve introduccion teorica sobre el tema y la explicacion de la metodologia utilizada, ofrecemos los resultados en terminos porcentuales. Pero, al tratarse de un fenomeno en el que intervienen multiples factores al mismo tiempo, hemos realizado tambien un analisis de regresion, que permite ver los resultados cuando todos los factores actuan de manera simultanea. Todas las variables que hemos analizado, salvo la lengua habitual (castellano o valenciano), resultan estadisticamente significativas, si bien las probabilidades de aparicion del tuteo son …

Lingüística GeneralSociolingüística variacionistaPronombres de tratamientoAddress pronounsPersonaValencianlanguage.human_languageLengua EspañolaMultiple factorsAnálisis de regresiónlanguageSociologyVariationist sociolinguisticsHumanitiesRegression analysisUsted
researchProduct

Chitosomes loaded with cranberry proanthocyanidins attenuate the bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 in raw 264.7 macro…

2009

Chitosan binds to negatively charged soy lecithin liposomes by an electrostatic interaction driven by its positively charged amino group. This interaction allows stable covered vesicles (chitosomes) to be developed as a suitable targeted carrier and controlled release system. This study investigated the effect of chitosomes on the activation of cranberry proanthocyanidins (PAC) in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Chitosomes were characterized according to size, zeta potential, PAC-loading, and release properties. Results showed an increase in the net positive charge and size of the liposomes as the concentration of chitosan was increased, suggesting an effective covering of the vesicles by means of e…

LipopolysaccharidesLipopolysaccharideNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIPharmaceutical ScienceInflammationEndocytosisCell LineMicechemistry.chemical_compoundmedicineAnimalsMacrophageProanthocyanidinsTransport VesiclesChitosanLiposomeMolecular StructurebiologyMacrophagesVesicleControlled releaseMolecular biologyEnzyme ActivationNitric oxide synthaseVaccinium macrocarponchemistryBiochemistryCyclooxygenase 2Spectrometry Mass Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionizationbiology.proteinmedicine.symptomJournal of Liposome Research
researchProduct

qFIBS: A Novel Automated Technique for Quantitative Evaluation of Fibrosis, Inflammation, Ballooning, and Steatosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Ste…

2020

[Background and Aims] Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common cause of chronic liver disease. Clinical trials use the NASH Clinical Research Network (CRN) system for semiquantitative histological assessment of disease severity. Interobserver variability may hamper histological assessment, and diagnostic consensus is not always achieved. We evaluate a second harmonic generation/two‐photon excitation fluorescence (SHG/TPEF) imaging‐based tool to provide an automated quantitative assessment of histological features pertinent to NASH.

Liver CirrhosisMale0301 basic medicineBiopsyChronic liver diseaseSeverity of Illness IndexGastroenterologyHepatitis0302 clinical medicineNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseFibrosisNonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseqFibrosisNASH; automated; qFIBS; qFibrosis; quantitative evaluationNASH FIBROSISmedicine.diagnostic_testNASHMiddle AgedReference Standards3. Good healthLiverDimensional Measurement AccuracyLiver biopsyFemale030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyAlgorithmsmedicine.medical_specialtydigestive systemWhite People03 medical and health sciencesAsian PeopleInternal medicineImage Interpretation Computer-AssistedSeverity of illnessmedicineHumansqFIBSHepatologyReceiver operating characteristicbusiness.industryReproducibility of Resultsmedicine.diseasequantitative evaluationdigestive system diseasesConfidence intervalFatty Liver030104 developmental biologyautomatedSteatosisbusinessHepatology
researchProduct

The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Bu…

2020

Background\ud \ud Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases (collectively referred to as cirrhosis in this paper) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, although the burden and underlying causes differ across locations and demographic groups. We report on results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 on the burden of cirrhosis and its trends since 1990, by cause, sex, and age, for 195 countries and territories.\ud \ud \ud \ud Methods\ud \ud We used data from vital registrations, vital registration samples, and verbal autopsies to estimate mortality. We modelled prevalence of total, compensated, and decompensated cirrhosis on the bas…

Liver CirrhosisMaleCirrhosisCost-Benefit AnalysisHEPATITIS-BGlobal Burden of DiseaseLiver diseaseDisability Evaluation0302 clinical medicineBurden Global Mortality CirrhosisNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseRisk FactorsFIBROSISEurope EasternPOPULATIONAged 80 and overeducation.field_of_studySingaporeMortality rate1. No povertyGastroenterologyHepatitis CHepatitis BMiddle AgedHepatitis BHepatitis C3. Good healthPREVALENCE030220 oncology & carcinogenesisAsia Central030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyEgyptFemaleQuality-Adjusted Life YearsViral hepatitisLife Sciences & BiomedicineAdultEUROPEPopulationGBD 2017 Cirrhosis CollaboratorsArticle03 medical and health sciencesLIVER-DISEASEmedicineHumanseducationLiver Diseases AlcoholicAfrica South of the SaharaAgedScience & TechnologyHepatologyGastroenterology & Hepatologybusiness.industryMORTALITYDISABILITYDECOMPENSATIONmedicine.diseaseYears of potential life lostEarly DiagnosisSocioeconomic Factors3121 General medicine internal medicine and other clinical medicineINJURIESHuman medicinebusinessDemographyRCLancet gastroenterology & hepatology
researchProduct

Digital image analysis of liver collagen predicts clinical outcome of recurrent hepatitis C virus 1 year after liver transplantation.

2011

Clinical outcomes of recurrent hepatitis C virus after liver transplantation are difficult to predict. We evaluated collagen proportionate area (CPA), a quantitative histological index, at 1 year with respect to the first episode of clinical decompensation. Patients with biopsies at 1 year after liver transplantation were evaluated by Ishak stage/grade, and biopsy samples stained with Sirius red for digital image analysis were evaluated for CPA. Cox regression was used to evaluate variables associated with first appearance of clinical decompensation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were also used. A total of 135 patients with median follow-up of 76 months were evaluated. At 1…

Liver CirrhosisMaleCirrhosisTime FactorsPortal venous pressuremedicine.medical_treatmentBiopsyKaplan-Meier EstimateLiver transplantationmedicine.disease_causeGastroenterologyRecurrenceRisk FactorsLondonChildFirst episodemedicine.diagnostic_testMiddle AgedHepatitis CLiverFemaleCollagenAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentHepatitis C virusHepatic VeinsRisk AssessmentSensitivity and SpecificityEnd Stage Liver DiseaseYoung AdultPredictive Value of TestsInternal medicineBiopsyImage Interpretation Computer-AssistedmedicineHumansDecompensationAgedProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesTransplantationHepatologybusiness.industrymedicine.diseaseSurgeryLiver TransplantationTransplantationROC CurveSurgerybusinessVenous PressureLiver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society
researchProduct

A New Sampling Method for Spleen Stiffness Measurement Based on Quantitative Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography for Noninvasive Assessment…

2014

In our study, we evaluated the feasibility of a new sampling method for splenic stiffness (SS) measurement by Quantitative Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography (Virtual Touch Tissue Quantification (VTTQ)).We measured SS in 54 patients with HCV-related cirrhosis of whom 28 with esophageal varices (EV), 27 with Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) F1–F3, and 63 healthy controls. VTTQ-SS was significantly higher among cirrhotic patients with EV (3.37 m/s) in comparison with controls (2.19 m/s,P<0.001), CHC patients (2.37 m/s,P<0.001), and cirrhotic patients without EV (2.7 m/s,P<0.001). Moreover, VTTQ-SS was significantly higher among cirrhotic patients without EV in comparison with bot…

Liver CirrhosisMaleGenetics and Molecular Biology (all)CirrhosisData InterpretationImmunology and Microbiology (all)lcsh:MedicineVarices assessementLikelihood ratios in diagnostic testingGastroenterologyBiochemistryEsophageal varicesComputer-AssistedUltrasonographymedicine.diagnostic_testAUROCMedicine (all)General MedicineHepatitis CStatisticalMiddle AgedHepatitis CCirrhosisData Interpretation StatisticalFemaleElastographyViral hepatitisAlgorithmsAged; Algorithms; Data Interpretation Statistical; Elastic Modulus; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Female; Hepatitis C; Humans; Image Interpretation Computer-Assisted; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Sample Size; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spleen; Stress Mechanical; Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology (all); Immunology and Microbiology (all); Medicine (all)medicine.medical_specialtyArticle SubjectEsophageal and Gastric VaricesStressSensitivity and SpecificityGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyInternal medicineElastic ModulusImage Interpretation Computer-AssistedmedicineHumansAcoustic radiation forceImage InterpretationAgedGeneral Immunology and Microbiologybusiness.industrylcsh:RReproducibility of Resultsmedicine.diseaseMechanicalEndoscopySample SizeClinical StudyStress MechanicalbusinessSpleen
researchProduct

Long-term albumin administration in decompensated cirrhosis (ANSWER): an open-label randomised trial

2018

Background Evidence is scarce on the efficacy of long-term human albumin (HA) administration in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The human Albumin for the treatmeNt of aScites in patients With hEpatic ciRrhosis (ANSWER) study was designed to clarify this issue. Methods We did an investigator-initiated multicentre randomised, parallel, open-label, pragmatic trial in 33 academic and non-academic Italian hospitals. We randomly assigned patients with cirrhosis and uncomplicated ascites who were treated with anti-aldosteronic drugs (≥200 mg/day) and furosemide (≥25 mg/day) to receive either standard medical treatment (SMT) or SMT plus HA (40 g twice weekly for 2 weeks, and then 40 g weekly…

Liver CirrhosisMaleTime FactorsCirrhosisKaplan-Meier Estimatelaw.inventionascites0302 clinical medicineHepatorenal syndromeRandomized controlled trialFurosemidelawAscitesClinical endpointParacentesisDiureticsalbumin decompensated cirrhosiMineralocorticoid Receptor AntagonistsSettore MED/12 - GastroenterologiaMedicine (all)Hazard ratioGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedSurvival RateCirrhosis030220 oncology & carcinogenesisDrug Therapy CombinationFemale030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyQuality-Adjusted Life Yearsmedicine.symptomHyponatremiamedicine.medical_specialty03 medical and health sciencesAlbuminsInternal medicinemedicineHumansSurvival ratealbuminAgedbusiness.industrycirrhosis; albumin; ascitesmedicine.diseaseClinical trialalbumin cirrhosis ascites liver decompensationQuality of LifeHyperkalemiabusinessEsophagus Varices Portal Hypertension Varicosis
researchProduct

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Presenting at Contrast-Enhanced Multi–Detector-Row Computed Tomography or Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging as …

2012

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to measure growth rate and to determine the optimal interval time for imaging follow-up of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) presenting at multi-detector-row computed tomography (MDCT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as small, indeterminate lesions. METHODS: We included patients with cirrhosis with HCC initially presenting as indeterminate lesion of 2 cm or less at MDCT or MRI August 2005 to August 2009 and with available imaging follow-up. Measures of tumor growth included tumor volume doubling time (TVDT), tumor percentual diameter increase, and tumor percentual volume increase. RESULTS: We examined 48 patients (mean age, 64 years) with 69 HCCs…

Liver CirrhosisMalemedicine.medical_specialtyCarcinoma HepatocellularTime FactorsCirrhosisGadoliniumVolume Doubling TimeContrast Mediahepatocellular carcinomaschemistry.chemical_elementStatistics NonparametricLesionImage Interpretation Computer-AssistedmedicineHumansRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingAgedRetrospective StudiesAged 80 and overmedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryLiver NeoplasmsNodule (medicine)Magnetic resonance imagingMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseMagnetic Resonance ImagingchemistryHepatocellular carcinomaDisease ProgressionFemaleRadiologymedicine.symptomTomography X-Ray ComputedIndeterminatebusinessNuclear medicinefollow-up; small hepatocellular carcinoma; mri; ctJournal of Computer Assisted Tomography
researchProduct

Early Treatment in HCV: Is it a Cost-Utility Option from the Italian Perspective?

2016

In Italy, the Italian Pharmaceutical Agency (AIFA) criteria used F3–F4 fibrosis stages as the threshold to prioritise the treatment with interferon (IFN)-free regimens, while in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (G1 CHC) patients with fibrosis of liver stage 2, an approach with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-based triple therapy with simeprevir was suggested. The key clinical question is whether, in an era of financial constraints, the application of a universal IFN-free strategy in naive G1 CHC patients is feasible within a short time horizon. The aim of this study is to perform an economic analysis to estimate the cost-utility of the early innovative therapy in Italy for managing hepatitis C…

Liver CirrhosisSimeprevirmedicine.medical_specialtyCost-Benefit AnalysisPopulationAntiviral Agents03 medical and health sciencesIndirect costs0302 clinical medicineAntiviral Agents; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Disease Progression; Hepatitis C Chronic; Humans; Interferons; Italy; Liver Cirrhosis; Markov Chains; Monte Carlo Method; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Ribavirin; Simeprevir; Treatment Outcome; Pharmacology (medical)SimeprevirRibavirinmedicineHumansPharmacology (medical)030212 general & internal medicineChronicIntensive care medicineeducationReimbursementeducation.field_of_studyCost–benefit analysisbusiness.industryHealth services researchGeneral MedicineHepatitis CHepatitis C Chronicmedicine.diseaseHepatitis CMarkov ChainsQuality-adjusted life yearTreatment OutcomeItalyDisease Progression030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyInterferonsQuality-Adjusted Life YearsbusinessMonte Carlo MethodClinical Drug Investigation
researchProduct