Search results for "Screening"
showing 10 items of 1150 documents
The Impact of the International Cooperation On Familial Hypercholesterolemia Screening and Treatment: Results from the ScreenPro FH Project
2019
Purpose of Review Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is often perceived and described as underdiagnosed and undertreated, though effective treatment of FH is available. Owing to the mentioned facts, it is ever more imperative to screen and treat FH patients. Subsequent to the identification of patients, the project focuses on the improvement of their prognoses. The ScreenPro FH project was established as a functional international network for the diagnosis, screening, and treatment of FH. Individual countries were assigned goals, e.g., to define the actual situation and available treatment. With “central support,” more centers and countries participated in the project. Subsequently, individ…
Health Outcomes of Infants with Vitamin B12 Deficiency Identified by Newborn Screening and Early Treated
2021
Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes at age 1.5 ± 0.5 years of infants with vitamin B12 deficiency identified by newborn screening (NBS). Study design Prospective multicenter observational study on health outcomes of 31 infants with vitamin B12 deficiency identified by NBS. Neurodevelopment was assessed by the Denver Developmental Screening Test. Results In 285 862 newborns screened between 2016 and 2019, the estimated birth prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was 26 in 100 000 newborns, with high seasonal variations (lowest in summer: 8 in 100 000). Infants participating in the outcome study (N = 31) were supplemented with vitamin B12 for a median (range) of 5.9 (1.1-16.2) months. …
Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome Screening: Is Sleep Quality Worthy of Note?
2021
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is the most severe condition on the spectrum of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs). The Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) is one of the most used and validated screening tools, but it lacks the comprehensive assessment of some determinants of OSAS, specifically anamnestic assessment and sleep quality. This study aims to assess the accuracy of some specific items added to the original PSQ, particularly related to the patient’s anamnestic history and to the quality of sleep, for the screening of OSAS in a paediatric population living in Sicily (Italy). Fifteen specific items, divided into “anamnestic” and “related to sleep quality” were added…
Essential of audiology: screening and postscreening
2014
Newborn hearing screening is a type of screening testfor the early detection of hearing loss. It can recognizewith good accuracy newborns affected by hearingimpairment allowing an early diagnosis and interventionand avoiding cognitive and linguistic deficits [1-6].The incidence of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL) in Sicily is 2.35 cases per 1000 newborns; thisvalue increases to 2.95 if we consider also unilateral SNHL[2,3] and to 10 cases per 1000 births among infants at risk[7-9].A correct newborn hearing screening programme isbased on different protocols depending on the presence/absence of audiologic risk factors:† Newborns without risk factors: [1-3]Initial Hearing Screening (…
Transfusion‐transmitted malaria of plasmodium malariae in palermo, sicily
2021
Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) is a rare occurrence with serious consequences for the recipient. In non-endemic areas, the incidence of transmission of malaria by transfusion is very low. We report a clinical case of transfusion-transmitted malaria due to Plasmodium malariae, which happened in a patient with acute hemorrhagic gastropathy. Case presentation: In April 2019, a 70-year-old Italian man with recurrent spiking fever for four days was diagnosed with a P. malariae infection, as confirmed using microscopy and real-time PCR. The patient had never been abroad, but about two months before, he had received a red blood cell transfusion for anemia. Regarding the donor, we revealed t…
Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Hospitalized Older Patients
2021
Abstract. This study develops a screening method for older patients based on nursing procedure to predict complications associated with cognitive impairment during a hospital stay. This multicenter diagnostic cohort study among older hospitalized patients was carried out in eight primary-care hospitals. Following admission of the patients, trained nurses conducted a structured interview and the Mini-Cog as gold standard for cognitive status; complications during the hospital stay were also monitored. In a second step, the structured interview combined with the Mini-Cog revealed whether there was any abnormality in the interview, making it possible to validly and reliably as well as sensiti…
The Role of Vaccination and Screening in Limiting the Worldwide Disease Burden of Preventable Female Cancers: A Review
2020
Cancer represents one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Among women, breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer and the principal cause of death due to malignant disease, while cervical cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. The present review aims to analyze the epidemiology of cervical and breast cancer (incidence, mortality, survival rates, and trends). Moreover, the most important primary and secondary preventive strategies (reduction of risk factors, exposure, vaccination, cancer screening) intended to reduce the future burden of cervical and breast cancer, that should be adopted actively and free of charge, were discussed in accordance to more recent and evi…
Retinopathy of prematurity-current diagnosis and management
1993
Despite advances in ophthalmological care of premature infants, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a still unsolved problem for paediatricians as well as ophthalmologists. A survey of the current literature concerning drug therapy and surgical management as related to the different stages of ROP is given. The classification system for ROP according to the International Committee is presented as well as our screening policy in relation to the literature. The effectiveness in preventing severe cases of ROP and the toxicity of vitamin E supplementation in high-risk premature infants is still disputed and no recommendations can be given. Cryotherapy is recommended in symmetric cases of st…
Ocular Refraction at Birth and Its Development During the First Year of Life in a Large Cohort of Babies in a Single Center in Northern Italy
2020
The purpose of this study was to investigate refraction at birth and during the first year of life in a large cohort of babies born in a single center in Northern Italy. We also aimed to analyze refractive errors in relation to the gestational age at birth. An observational ophthalmological assessment was performed within 24 h of birth on 12,427 newborns. Refraction was examined using streak retinoscopy after the administration of tropicamide (1%). Values in the range of between +0.50 ≤ D ≤ +4.00 were defined as physiological refraction at birth. Newborns with refraction values outside of the physiological range were followed up during the first year of life. Comparative analyses were condu…
Perifērās neiropātijas izmeklēšana hemodialīzes pacientiem
2018
Pamatinformācija: Hroniska nieru slimība (HNS) ir globāla veselības problēma, kuras vidējā izplatība Eiropā ir 18.4 %. Perifērā neiropātija (PN) ir visizplatītākā neiroloģiskā komplikācija (~ 60 līdz 100 %) šiem pacientiem. PN diagnoze ietver padziļinātu klīnisko izmeklēšanu, tai skaitā pacienta slimības vēstures analīzi, neiroloģisko izmeklēšanu, laboratorisko testēšanu un elektrofizioloģiskās izmeklēšanas metodes. Skrīninga metodes var palīdzēt agrīni noteikt PN HNS pacientiem un laicīgi sākt terapiju, mainot slimības attīstības gaitu. Mērķis: Noteikt perifēro neiropātiju HNS pacientiem ar Mičiganas neiropātijas skrīninga metodes (MNSI) palīdzību, kas apstiprināta un pielietota cukura dia…