Search results for "Secretion"
showing 10 items of 764 documents
Les lymphocytes Th9
2016
Th9 cells are CD4 T helper cells characterized by their ability to produce IL-9 and IL-21. These cells are obtained from naive CD4(+) T cells cultured in the presence of TGF-β and IL-4. Thus their differentiation results from the balance between the signaling pathways induced by IL-4 in one hand and the one induced by TGF-β in the other hand. These cells are inflammatory cells and were first described in the context of atopic and autoimmune diseases in which they have a pathogenic role. They are also involved in the defense against parasite infections. Recently, some reports defined Th9 anticancer properties through their cytokine secretion. Indeed, their high secretion of IL-9 and IL-21 in…
Nearly Complete Genome Sequence of a Human Norovirus GII.P17-GII.17 Strain Isolated from Brazil in 2015
2019
Human noroviruses are the most common cause of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis worldwide. We report here the nearly complete genome sequence (7,551 nucleotides) of a human norovirus GII.P17-GII.17 strain detected in July 2015 in the stool sample from an adult with acute gastroenteritis in Brazil.
Transcriptome analysis revealed that a quorum sensing system regulates the transfer of the pAt megaplasmid in Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
2016
Background Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain P4 is atypical, as the strain is not pathogenic and produces a for this species unusual quorum sensing signal, identified as N-(3-hydroxy-octanoyl)-homoserine lactone (3OH,C8-HSL). Results By sequence analysis and cloning, a functional luxI-like gene, named cinI, has been identified on the At plasmid of A. tumefaciens strain P4. Insertion mutagenesis in the cinI gene and transcriptome analyses permitted the identification of 32 cinI-regulated genes in this strain, most of them encoding proteins responsible for the conjugative transfer of pAtP4. Among these genes were the avhB genes that encode a type 4 secretion system (T4SS) involved in the forma…
Burying beetles regulate the microbiome of carcasses and use it to transmit a core microbiota to their offspring
2017
Necrophagous beetles utilize carrion, a highly nutritious resource that is susceptible to intense microbial competition, by treating it with antimicrobial anal and oral secretions. However, how this regulates the carcass microbiota remains unclear. Here, we show that carcasses prepared by the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides undergo significant changes in their microbial communities subsequent to their burial and ‘preparation’. Prepared carcasses hosted a microbial community that was more similar to that of beetles’ anal and oral secretions than to the native carcass community or the surrounding soil, indicating that the beetles regulated the carcass microbiota. A core microbial comm…
The histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA induces HSP60 nitration and its extracellular release by exosomal vesicles in human lung-derived carcinoma cel…
2015
// Claudia Campanella 1, 2, * , Antonella D'Anneo 3, * , Antonella Marino Gammazza 1, 2, * , Celeste Caruso Bavisotto 1, 2 , Rosario Barone 1, 2 , Sonia Emanuele 4 , Filippa Lo Cascio 1 , Emanuele Mocciaro 1 , Stefano Fais 5 , Everly Conway De Macario 6 , Alberto J.L. Macario 2, 6 , Francesco Cappello 1, 2 , Marianna Lauricella 4 1 Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy “Emerico Luna”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy 2 Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy 3 Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Ita…
Drosophila and humans share similar mechanisms of insulin secretion
2017
Drosophila and humans share similar mechanisms of insulin secretion
Role of retinal pigment epithelium-derived exosomes and autophagy in new blood vessel formation
2018
Autophagy and exosome secretion play important roles in a variety of physiological and disease states, including the development of age‐related macular degeneration. Previous studies have demonstrated that these cellular mechanisms share common pathways of activation. Low oxidative damage in ARPE‐19 cells, alters both autophagy and exosome biogenesis. Moreover, oxidative stress modifies the protein and genetic cargo of exosomes, possibly affecting the fate of surrounding cells. In order to understand the connection between these two mechanisms and their impact on angiogenesis, stressed ARPE‐19 cells were treated with a siRNA‐targeting Atg7, a key protein for the formation of autophagosomes.…
Superagonistic CD28 stimulation induces IFN‐γ release from mouse T helper 1 cells in vitro and in vivo
2020
Like human Th1 cells, mouse Th1 cells also secrete IFN-γ upon stimulation with a superagonistic anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody (CD28-SA). Crosslinking of the CD28-SA via FcR and CD40-CD40L interactions greatly increased IFN-γ release. Our data stress the utility of the mouse as a model organism for immune responses in humans.
Distinct Osteomimetic Response of Androgen-Dependent and Independent Human Prostate Cancer Cells to Mechanical Action of Fluid Flow: Prometastatic Im…
2016
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Prostate cancer frequently expresses an osteomimetic phenotype, but it is unclear how it is regulated and what biological and clinical implications it confers. Because mechanical forces physiologically regulate bone-remodeling activity in osteocytes, we hypothesized that mechanical action of fluid flow (MAFF) at the cancer microenvironment may similarly foster prostate cancer cell osteomimicry. RESULTS We showed that in vitro MAFF on androgen-dependent (LNCap) and androgen-independent (PC3) prostate cancer cells remarkably increased OPG, VEGF, RunX2, PTH1R, and PTHrP gene expression in both cell lines irrespective of their androgen dependency. MAFF also altered the cy…
TSH/IGF-1 Receptor Cross-Talk Rapidly Activates Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases in Multiple Cell Types
2017
We previously showed that thyrotropin (TSH)/insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-1 receptor cross-talk appears to be involved in Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) pathogenesis and upregulation of thyroid-specific genes in human thyrocytes. In orbital fibroblasts from GO patients, coadministration of TSH and IGF-1 induces synergistic increases in hyaluronan secretion. In human thyrocytes, TSH plus IGF-1 synergistically increased expression of the sodium-iodide symporter that appeared to involve ERK1/2 activation. However, the details of ERK1/2 activation were not known, nor was whether ERK1/2 was involved in this synergism in other cell types. Using primary cultures of GO fibroblasts (GOFs) and human thyr…