Search results for "Semantics"
showing 10 items of 407 documents
Smart Phone, Smart Science: How the Use of Smartphones Can Revolutionize Research in Cognitive Science
2011
WOS:000295936900019; International audience; Investigating human cognitive faculties such as language, attention, and memory most often relies on testing small and homogeneous groups of volunteers coming to research facilities where they are asked to participate in behavioral experiments. We show that this limitation and sampling bias can be overcome by using smartphone technology to collect data in cognitive science experiments from thousands of subjects from all over the world. This mass coordinated use of smartphones creates a novel and powerful scientific "instrument" that yields the data necessary to test universal theories of cognition. This increase in power represents a potential re…
Perceptual semantics: A three-level approach
2010
In this work we suggest a model according to which semantics has been already generated during the perception through the interaction of three dynamic levels of perceptual organization. We consider perceptual grouping as the first order processing. Shape formation is considered as the second order processing. Both grouping and shape formation can be considered as two complementary and interrelated processes of perceptual organization. The third — partially overlapping — level is meaning assignment. Most of the results are supported by empirical evidence based on new visual illusions of shape and meaning and are consistent with several other proposals (e.g., [1], [2] and [3]).
The Semantics of Musical Topoi
2015
The article introduces an empirical approach to studying music’s extrinsic meanings, based on the idea of musical topos as a set of musical entities that is delimited and furnished with meaning by extramusical associations in a listener population. The proposed methodology involves free, associative responses as well as responses on semantic variables addressing the imagery. After deriving potential topical structures for a given musical domain from the quantitative results, the structures are substantiated by using them to guide a rule-based, qualitative analysis of the free responses. The approach allows a view to the topical organization of a musical domain in which the identity of each …
(De)terminologisation processes in wine tasting notes : How expressive are canonical and non-canonical hedonic markers?
2022
Following the proposal of Gautier (2018), an important part of the “terminology” of wine tasting notes is made up by hedonic markers that cannot always be treated as terms – in the traditional meaning of technical/specialised terms – as they lack a consensual definition acknowledged by field experts. The main challenges of such markers concern at least the following three dimensions: (i) they are directly linked to the gustative experience of the taster/speaker and his/her experiential memory; (ii) they are also linked to the field knowledge and the degree of expertise of the taster/speaker – be it a “true” knowledge or his/her ability to imitate expert discourse and (iii) they are mostly s…
Encoding numbers: behavioral evidence for processing-specific representations.
2006
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of a complex encoding of numbers according to which each numerical processing requires a specific representational format for input. In three experiments, adult participants were given two numbers presented successively on screen through a self-presentation procedure after being asked to add, to subtract, or to compare them. We considered the self-presentation time of the first number as reflecting the complexity of the encoding for a given planned processing. In line with Dehaene's triple-code model, self-presentation times were longer for additions and subtractions than for comparisons with two-digit numbers but longer for subtractions than…
Blending the Erotic and the Divine in Mystical Literature
2004
THE BEGINNINGS OF SYMBOLIC-RELIGIOUS COGNITION - Cognitive Archeology and Cognitive Fluidity: About 30,000 years ago (70,000 years after the fossil records of the anatomically modern human), religious thought and symbolic conceptual activity arose from the capacity of integrating specific-domain a process called "cognitive fluidity" (Mithen 1996). Metaphor, Anthropomorphism and Cognitive Science: Metaphor is a basic mental capacity by which people understand themselves and the world around them through conceptual mappings of knowledge between mental spaces, using everyday knowledge to reason about more abstract concepts. Of all the templates for supernatural concepts, the ones that seriousl…
Procedural semantics, metarepresentation, and some particles in Behdini Kurdish
2012
Contemporary studies in the linguistic semantics of particles have been greatly influenced by two ideas: that these items trigger pragmatic processing procedures rather than provide purely conceptual content, and that the procedures that some of them trigger relate to the recovery of metarepresentations. Recent developments in the theory of procedural semantics have introduced some refinements, notably the claim that these procedures may not all relate primarily to comprehension per se but may also relate to the epistemic assessment of communicated claims. This paper discusses three particles in Behdini Kurdish in the light of these theoretical developments: the speech-act particle ka often…
Concentrated Solar Power: Ontologies for Solar Radiation Modeling and Forecasting
2014
This chapter considers the possibility of formally representing implicit and explicit knowledge of solar radiation modeling and forecasting by means of ontologies, with particular reference to the implications of concentrated solar power. The various applications discussed in the literature include various methods, such as spectral, parametric and empirical models, artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic approaches, as well as satellite and ground based imaging techniques. We want to use the principles of semantic technologies and formal ontologies, to represent knowledge in solar radiation models. The purpose is to capture the semantics of information and realize a system for sharing an…
Lists of Spanish sentences with equivalent predictability, phonetic content, length, and frequency of the last word.
2010
This paper presents a pool of Spanish sentences designed for use in cognitive research and speech processing in circumstances in which the effects of context are relevant. These lists of sentences are divided into six lists of 25 equivalent high-predictability sentences and six lists of 25 low-predictability sentences according to the extent to which the last word can be predicted by the preceding context. These lists were also equivalent in phonetic content, length and frequency of the last word. These lists are intended for use in psycholinguistic research with Spanish-speaking listeners.
Object-Oriented Operational Semantics
2016
Operational semantics is one way of providing meaning to an executable language. On a high level of abstraction, operational semantics means to define an interpreter or an abstract machine for the language. In this article, we review the concept of operational semantics in the scope of meta-model-based language definitions and identify challenges and issues. We provide a clean conceptual approach using an object-oriented runtime environment and state change operations, which relies on an underlying abstract virtual machine. We present the approach using a sample language.