Search results for "Sensory Systems"
showing 10 items of 793 documents
Evidence for a dysfunction and disease-promoting role of the circadian clock in the diabetic retina.
2021
Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of chronic hyperglycemia and a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. In the present study the interaction between diabetes and retinal clocks was investigated in mice. It was seen that in the db/db mouse - a widely used animal model of diabetic retinopathy - clock function and circadian regulation of gene expression was disturbed in the retina. Remarkably, elimination of clock function by Bmal1-deficiency mitigates the progression of pathophysiology of the diabetic retina. Thus high-fat diet was seen to induce histopathology and molecular markers associated with diabetic retinopathy in wild type but not in Bmal1-deficient mice. The d…
Role of Languages in Consumers' Food Description: Contrasting Malagasy and French Descriptors of M oringa oleifera Leaf Powder
2015
Decreasing dietary linoleic acid promotes long chain omega-3 fatty acid incorporation into rat retina and modifies gene expression
2011
International audience; Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may be partially prevented by dietary habits privileging the consumption of ω3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3s) while lowering linoleic acid (LA) intake. The present study aimed to document whether following these epidemiological guidelines would enrich the neurosensory retina and RPE with ω3s and modulate gene expression in the neurosensory retina. Rat progenitors and pups were fed with diets containing low or high LA, and low or high ω3s. After scotopic single flash and 8-Hz-Flicker electroretinography, rat pups were euthanized at adulthood. The fatty acid profile of the neurosensory retina, RPE, liver, adipose tis…
Oro-gustatory perception of dietary lipids and calcium signaling in taste bud cells are altered in nutritionally obesity-prone Psammomys obesus.
2013
Since the increasing prevalence of obesity is one of the major health problems of the modern era, understanding the mechanisms of oro-gustatory detection of dietary fat is critical for the prevention and treatment of obesity. We have conducted the present study on Psammomys obesus, the rodent desert gerbil which is a unique polygenic natural animal model of obesity. Our results show that obese animals exhibit a strong preference for lipid solutions in a two-bottle test. Interestingly, the expression of CD36, a lipido-receptor, in taste buds cells (TBC), isolated from circumvallate papillae, was decreased at mRNA level, but remained unaltered at protein level, in obese animals. We further st…
The Lipid-Sensor Candidates CD36 and GPR120 Are Differentially Regulated by Dietary Lipids in Mouse Taste Buds: Impact on Spontaneous Fat Preference
2011
BACKGROUND: Recent studies in rodents and humans suggest that the chemoreception of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in oral cavity is involved in the spontaneous preference for fatty foods and might contribute to the obesity risk. CD36 and GPR120 are LCFA receptors identified in rodent taste bud cells. The fact that CD36 or GPR120 gene inactivation leads to a decrease in the preference for lipids raises the question of the respective role(s) played by these gustatory lipid-sensor candidates. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using a combination of biochemical, nutritional and behavioural studies in wild-type, CD36(+/-)and CD36(-/-) mice, it was found that: 1°) CD36 and GPR120 display different …
Implantation of the modified endocapsular bending ring in pediatric cataract surgery using a viscoadaptive viscoelastic agent.
1999
Cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in pediatric eyes remain controversial. Using a viscoadaptive viscoelastic agent, we implanted a modified capsular bending ring (CBR) as well as an acrylic IOL with a sharp-optic-edge design in the capsular bag. All operated eyes demonstrated a low postoperative inflammatory reaction and a clinically well-centered IOL. The band-shaped, sharp-edged CBR facilitates the creation of a sharp, discontinuous bend in the equatorial capsule, which prevents anterior and posterior capsule opacification. Combining the viscoadaptive viscoelastic agent and the CBR enhances the safety of primary and secondary posterior chamber IOL implantation in pe…
Delayed filling of retinal and ciliary circulation after central retinal artery occlusion
1988
The filling times of the retinal and choroidal circulation were evaluated in 17 patients with central retinal artery occlusion by means of fluorescein angiography. A correlation between the filling times of the two circulations was found. However, two filling patterns were seen: first, both fillings delayed; second, both fillings normal. It is probable that in the former case an obstructive disease of the carotid arteries exists, while in the latter case an important pathology of the carotid arteries is lacking, favouring a rapid restoration of the retinal circulation. This hypothesis seems to be confirmed by the results of the Doppler velocimetry of the carotid arteries.
Induction of apoptosis by arachidonic acid in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells: involvement of oxidative stress
2000
Arachidonic acid administration caused apoptosis in Y79 cells, as shown by typical morphological changes, phosphatidylserine externalization, chromatin condensation, processing and activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of the endogenous caspase substrate poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase. Arachidonic acid also caused lamin B cleavage, suggesting caspase-6 activation. Arachidonic acid treatment was accompanied by increased formation of the lipid peroxidation end products malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, lowering in reduced glutathione content and in mitochondrial membrane potential. Inhibiting glutathione synthesis sensitized Y79 cells to apoptosis-inducing stimuli, whilst replenishing red…
Synthesis of insulin and its effects in Y79 human retinoblastoma cells
1994
This paper demonstrates that Y79 human retinoblastoma cells contain immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and release it in the medium. Cells cultured either in suspension or in monolayer showed a similar content of IRI. Moreover, in both conditions, IRI concentration was higher in cells cultured in serum-supplemented medium rather than in serum-free medium. Retinoblastoma cells are capable of synthesizing insulin. This was demonstrated by incubating Y79 cells with [3H]leucine. The synthesized radioactive insulin was separated and assayed by means of a HPLC procedure described in this paper. Both cell growth and [3H]thymidine and [3H]uridine incorporation into acid-insoluble fraction was reduced (-7…