Search results for "Sensory Systems"
showing 10 items of 793 documents
Do Women Prefer More Complex Music around Ovulation?
2012
The evolutionary origins of music are much debated. One theory holds that the ability to produce complex musical sounds might reflect qualities that are relevant in mate choice contexts and hence, that music is functionally analogous to the sexually-selected acoustic displays of some animals. If so, women may be expected to show heightened preferences for more complex music when they are most fertile. Here, we used computer-generated musical pieces and ovulation predictor kits to test this hypothesis. Our results indicate that women prefer more complex music in general; however, we found no evidence that their preference for more complex music increased around ovulation. Consequently, our f…
Liposomally-entrapped ganciclovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients
1992
Treatment of retinitis by cytomegalovirus (CMV) in AIDS patients requires frequent repetitive injections of intravitreal ganciclovir (GCV). This study was undertaken to establish experimentally whether the intravitreal application of liposomally-entrapped GCV could prolong intraocular therapeutic levels when compared with the intravitreal injection of free GCV, and the clinical effectiveness of this approach in AIDS patients. Intraocular concentration of GCV was determined by means of an ELISA test in rabbit vitreous 2, 3, 7, and 14 days after a single intravitreal injection of either different doses of the free drug (0.2-20 mg) or 1 mg of liposomally-entrapped GCV. After 72 h, only the vit…
Endothelin receptor B in trabecular meshwork
2007
Abstract Endothelin-1 (ET-1), the most potent vasoconstrictor known to date, seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma. ET-1 was found in different tissues of the eye and in high concentrations in the aqueous humour. The effects of ET-1 are mediated by two receptors, ET-A receptor (ET-AR) and ET-B receptor (ET-BR), which are both expressed in bovine trabecular meshwork (TM). ET-1 induced contraction of TM predominantly by activation of ET-AR. This study analyzes the role of ET-BR in TM function and investigates the synthesis of ET-1 by human TM (HTM) cells. The effect of IRL-1620, a specific ET-BR agonist, on contractility of bovine TM (BTM) was investigated wi…
Centrins, gatekeepers for the light-dependent translocation of transducin through the photoreceptor cell connecting cilium
2006
Centrins are members of a highly conserved subgroup of the EF-hand superfamily of Ca(2+)-binding proteins commonly associated with centrosome-related structures. In the retina, centrins are also prominent components of the photoreceptor cell ciliary apparatus. Centrin isoforms are differentially localized at the basal body and in the lumen of the connecting cilium. All molecular exchanges between the inner and outer segments occur through this narrow connecting cilium. Ca(2+)-activated centrin isoforms bind to the visual heterotrimeric G-protein transducin via an interaction with the betagamma-subunit. Ca(2+)-dependent assemblies of centrin/G-protein complexes may regulate the transducin mo…
Centrins in retinal photoreceptor cells: regulators in the connecting cilium.
2008
Changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration regulate the visual signal transduction cascade directly or more often indirectly through Ca2+-binding proteins. Here we focus on centrins, which are members of a highly conserved subgroup of the EF-hand superfamily of Ca2+-binding proteins in photoreceptor cells of the vertebrate retina. Centrins are commonly associated with centrosome-related structures. In mammalian retinal photoreceptor cells, four centrin isoforms are expressed as prominent components in the connecting cilium linking the light-sensitive outer segment compartment with the metabolically active inner segment compartment. Our data indicate that Ca2+-activated centrin isoforms…
Molecular biomarkers in glaucoma
2013
The seventh annual ARVO/Pfizer Ophthalmic Research Institute conference was held Friday and Saturday, April 29 and 30, 2011, at the Fort Lauderdale Hyatt Regency Pier 66, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The conference, funded by The ARVO Foundation for Eye Research through a grant from Pfizer Ophthalmics, provided an opportunity to gather experts from within and outside ophthalmology to determine the state of knowledge pertaining to molecular biomarkers associated with glaucoma, as well as the methods to identify and validate them to predict (a) those who would be susceptible to development of glaucoma; (b) markers that will enable prediction of glaucoma progression; and (c) markers that will pre…
Relation of body mass index and body fat mass for Spanish university students, taking into account leisure-time physical activity.
2009
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the relation of Body Mass Index with body fat mass while taking into account the amount of leisure-time physical activity for 299 male university students. Body fat mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. An estimation of energy expenditure in leisure-time physical activity in metabolic equivalents (METs) was obtained so participants were divided into six activity groups by percentile: no physical activity by the first group and participants physically active were divided into five groups by percentiles: <25%, 26–50%, 51–75%, 76–90%, and 91–100%. Correlations of Body Mass Index with body fat mass were strong in di…
Der M. orbicularis oculi bei einigen Laboratoriumstieren (Ratte, Kaninchen, Meerschweinchen)
1954
Ausgehend von verschiedenen, funktionellen Uberlegungen, das der M. orbicularis oculi kein reiner Ringmuskel sein kann, wird beim Meerschweinchen, Kaninchen und bei der Ratte der Muskel als ein kompliziertes System mit funktioneller Struktur erkannt. Dieses Orbicularissystem ist bei den untersuchten Arten verschieden aufgebaut, last jedoch einen ahnlichen, funktionellen Grundplan erkennen. Die Ober- und Unterlidmuskulatur bildet keine parallelfaserigen, zirkularen oder elliptischen Bogen, sondern gitterartig, sich in der Lidmitte durchkreuzende Faserzuge, die in gleicher Anordnung bis an die Haut weiterlaufen. Dieses Scherengitter kann sich bei den Lidbewegungen verstellen und die Haut mit …
Über die histochemische Verteilung der Malatdehydrogenase in der Kaninchenretina
1970
Histochemische Untersuchungen uber das Vorkommen der Malatdehydrogenase in der Kaninchenretina konnten die von Lowry in den Ausengliedern angegebene relativ hohe Aktivitat bestatigen. In der Ganglienzellschicht fand sich eine nicht ganz so hohe Aktivitat. Dies entspricht eher den histochemischen Befunden von Prince.
Zur Häufung von Farbensinnstörungen bei der Porphyria cutanea tarda (Waldenström)
1966
15 mannliche Patienten mit gesicherter Porphyria cutanea tarda wurden ophthalmologisch mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Prufung des Farbensinns untersucht. Es fand sich bei 5 Patienten eine Deuteranomalie, also eine bemerkenswerte Haufung von Farbensinnstorungen. Auf die mogliche genetische Bedeutung dieser Befunde wird hingewiesen. Fundusveranderungen, die mit dem vorliegenden Grundleiden in Zusammenhang gebracht werden konnten, waren nur bei einem Kranken zu beobachten.