Search results for "Sensory"

The mechanisms of the action of omega-3s in the retina

2013

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual loss in Western countries after the age of 50y. Based on large-scale epidemiologic studies, it appears now as evident that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) provide benefits in preventing both, early and late stages of AMD. The aim of this paper is to summarize the knowledge about the biological mechanisms by which omega-3 PUFAs may be protective for the retina. The content of this presentation will range from biochemical data about the occurrence of omega-3 PUFAs in retinal cell membranes to results from cellular and animal studies showing that omega-3 PUFAs can influence processes involved in signal transducti…

Sensory performance of blind Mexican cave fish after destruction of the canal neuromasts.

1990

Kestääkö ääni? : laulunopetuksen vaikutus opettajaksi valmistuvien äänen laatuun ja ilmaisuun

2017

The aim of this study was to investigate how regular singing lessons and deliberate practice impact future teachers’ voice quality and their expression in speech and singing. Previous research about teachers’ speaking voice has shown that kindergarten teachers and classroom teachers are at high risk of showing symptoms or developing disorders, which weaken their effectiveness of expression. The study is qualitative and experimental and it includes longitudinal vocal education, which lasted one academic year. This thesis was approached theoretically through existential phenomenology with a holistic conception of man. Data was gathered from eleven subjects and divided into three research grou…

Current Status on the Functional Characterization of Chemosensory Receptors of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2018

Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a major pest of apple, pear and walnuts. For its control, alternative strategies targeting the olfactory system, like mating disruption, have been combined with insecticide applications. The efficacy of these strategies headed the direction of efforts for the functional characterization of codling moth chemosensory receptors to implement further control methods based on chemical sensing. With the advent of transcriptomic analysis, partial and full-length coding sequences of chemosensory receptors have been identified in antennal transcriptomes of C. pomonella. Extension of partial coding sequences to full-length by polymerase chain reaction (PCR…

The effect of perceptual interference on prioritization of feature dimensions in visual working memory

2022

Where do food likes and dislikes come from?

2020

Where do food likes and dislikes come from ? In other words, what are the factors that could explain why someone likes or dislikes a given food ? Most of the hedonic reactions to sensory stimulations brought by foods and, as a result reactions to foods carrying these sensory properties are learned through different learning mechanisms. The efficiency of these learning mechanisms mat depend on individual characteristics, in particular on the sensitivity to different sensory properties. Not all learnings are related to experiments with the food itself; many leamings depend on interactions within the family or social environment. Finally, cognitive determinants play also a role and, in particu…

Somatosensory change detection in the aging brain

2011

The study examined the brain’s automatic somatosensory change detection mechanism using event-related potentials (ERPs) to tactile electrical pulses to fingers in an oddball paradigm. Also the effects of aging to these ERPs were investigated comparing the data of young adults (N = 20, 22–27 years) with the data of aged participants (N = 12, 67–95 years). In the experiment, the participants were instructed to ignore finger stimuli and to be fully involved to a radio play during the electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. The electrical stimulation was delivered to participant’s forefinger and little finger in randomized order of standard (P = 0.85) and deviant (P = 0.15) stimuli. The analyzed …

How salience enhances inhibitory control : An analysis of electro-cortical mechanisms

2023

Stop-signal tasks (SSTs) combined with human electro-cortical recordings (Event-Related Potentials, ERPs) have revealed mechanisms associated with successful stopping (relative to failed), presumably contributing to inhibitory control. The corresponding ERP signatures have been labeled stop N1 (+/- 100-ms latency), stop N2 (200 ms), and stop P3 (160–250 ms), and argued to reflect more sensory-specific (N1) versus more generic (N2, P3) mechanisms. However, stop N1 and stop N2, as well as latencies of stop-P3, appear to be quite inconsistent across studies. The present work addressed the possible influence of stop-signal salience, expecting high salience to induce clear stop N1s but reduced s…

Loss of rod sensitivity and gene expression changes in the retina of fructose-fed insulin-resistant mice

2012

Purpose: Metabolic syndrome is of major concern in Western countries since it predisposes individuals to the development of diabetes. Insulin resistance is one of the biochemical features of the metabolic syndrome. Fructose feeding has been used to elicit insulin resistance in rodents. Our purpose was to characterize the functional and gene expression changes in the retina after long term feeding mice with a fructose-enriched diet.Methods: Control and ApoB100,LDLR-/- mice, a murine model of aging of the human retina, were fed with a 60%-rich fructose diet for 8 months. Scotopic single flash and Flicker electroretinograms were recorded to monitor the response of the retina to flash stimuli. …

Widespread Decoding of Tactile Input Patterns Among Thalamic Neurons

2021

Whereas, there is data to support that cuneothalamic projections predominantly reach a topographically confined volume of the rat thalamus, the ventroposterior lateral (VPL) nucleus, recent findings show that cortical neurons that process tactile inputs are widely distributed across the neocortex. Since cortical neurons project back to the thalamus, the latter observation would suggest that thalamic neurons could contain information about tactile inputs, in principle regardless of where in the thalamus they are located. Here we use a previously introduced electrotactile interface for producing sets of highly reproducible tactile afferent spatiotemporal activation patterns from the tip of di…