Search results for "Silene"
showing 10 items of 15 documents
Fine-scale spatial genetic structure and gene dispersal in Silene latifolia
2010
Plants are sessile organisms, often characterized by limited dispersal. Seeds and pollen are the critical stages for gene flow. Here we investigate spatial genetic structure, gene dispersal and the relative contribution of pollen vs seed in the movement of genes in a stable metapopulation of the white campion Silene latifolia within its native range. This short-lived perennial plant is dioecious, has gravity-dispersed seeds and moth-mediated pollination. Direct measures of pollen dispersal suggested that large populations receive more pollen than small isolated populations and that most gene flow occurs within tens of meters. However, these studies were performed in the newly colonized rang…
Saponins-mediated potentiation of cisplatin accumulation and cytotoxicity in human colon cancer cells.
2002
The triterpene saponins jenisseensosides A, B, C, D were found to increase the accumulation and cytotoxicity of the anticancer agent cisplatin in human colon tumor cells. These compounds are glycosides of quillaic acid whose fucose residue was acylated by a trans- or cis-p methoxycinnamic acid. In contrarst, other saponins derivatives without this acyl moiety were not found to potentiate the accumulation and cytotoxicity of cisplatin. These results suggested the importance of the acyl moiety for activity.
An AFLP clock for the absolute dating of shallow-time evolutionary history based on the intraspecific divergence of southwestern European alpine plan…
2009
The dating of recent events in the history of organisms needs divergence rates based on molecular fingerprint markers. Here, we used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) of three distantly related alpine plant species co-occurring in the Spanish Sierra Nevada, the Pyrenees and the southwestern Alps/Massif Central to establish divergence rates. Within each of these species (Gentiana alpina, Kernera saxatilis and Silene rupestris), we found that the degree of AFLP divergence (D(N72)) between mountain phylogroups was significantly correlated with their time of divergence (as inferred from palaeoclimatic/palynological data), indicating constant AFLP divergence rates. As these rates d…
Long‐distance dispersal vs vicariance: the origin and genetic diversity of alpine plants in the Spanish Sierra Nevada
2006
Here, we investigated the origin and genetic diversity of four alpine plant species co-occurring in the Spanish Sierra Nevada and other high mountains in south-western Europe by analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). In Kernera saxatilis, Silene rupestris and Gentiana alpina we found intraspecific phylogroups corresponding to mountain regions as predicted by the vicariance hypothesis. Moreover, genetic distances between Sierra Nevada and Pyrenees populations were always higher than those between populations from the Pyrenees and the south-western Alps/Massif Central. This suggests successive disruption of gene exchange between mountain ranges as postglacial climatic wa…
A new biologically active acylated triterpene saponin from Silene fortunei.
1998
A new acylated triterpene-saponin (1), together with a mixture of the known jenisseensosides C and D, has been isolated from the roots of Silene fortunei. The structure of the new compound was established by chemical means and spectroscopic methods as 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28 -O- [[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl- (1-->3)-b eta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-[beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-4-O-acetyl-beta-D-fucopyranosyl]quillaic acid. This saponin showed a significant enhancement of granulocyte phagocytosis in vitro.
Popular uses of wild plant species for medicinal purposes in the Nebrodi Regional Park (North-Eastern Sicily, Italy)
2014
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The area of the Nebrodi Regional Park (North-Eastern Sicily, Italy) has Q3 been quantitatively investigated in an ethnobotanical study for the first time. A total of 90 wild species are used for medicinal purposes and the uses of 5 species have not previously been reported in ethnobotanical studies in Italy (e.g., the use of Arisarum vulgare O. Targ. Tozz. for the treatment of rheumatic pains, the use of Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke for the treatment of liver diseases). Aim of the study: The aim of this paper was to understand to what extent current knowledge on the medicinal use of plants is still an element of the culture within the rural populations of …
New Acylated Triterpene Saponins from Silene fortunei that Modulate Lymphocyte Proliferation
2002
Three new acylated triterpene saponins 1-3, with a quillaic acid as aglycon, were isolated from the roots of Silene fortunei together with a known phytoecdysteroid (20-hydroxyecdysone). The compounds were characterized mainly by a combination of 2D NMR techniques, mass spectrometry, and chemical methods. Saponins 1-3, jenisseensosides C and D (4, 5), and 6 (deacylated form of 2/3 and 4/5) were found to stimulate the proliferation of the Jurkat tumor cell lines at low concentration. At high concentration, 2/3 and 4/5 inhibited the proliferation of the cells and suggested the induction of apoptosis.
Seed germination reports of high mountain species native to Mount Etna (Sicily)
2020
The germination ability of five endemic species from the high mountain belt of Mt. Etna were studied; they are Astragalus siculus, Erysimum etnense, Senecio squalidus subsp. aethnensis, Silene italica subsp. sicula, and Tanacetum vulgare subsp. siculum. Mature seeds were collected in the field, within an elevation range of 1700–2000 m a.s.l. Different experimental conditions were tested and the best methods with optimal germination results are provided and compared for each species. First germination records are given for 4 out of 5 of the investigated taxa.
Silene nefelites (Caryophyllaceae) a new annual species from Sicily
2014
A new species of Silene sect. Dipterosperma, named S. nefelites C. Brullo, S. Brullo, Giusso & Ilardi spec. nova, from Sicily is described and illustrated. Some of the characteristics are pinnately nerved leaves, 10–25 mm long bracts and 10– 15 mm long filaments. It is a therophyte occurring on the top of Mt. Erice, near Trapani, where it grows on calcareous rocky stands. Its relationships with S. colorata and allied species are also examined. A key to the Sicilian species belonging to S. sect. Dipterosperma is provided Eine neue Art von Silene sect. Dipterosperma, nämlich S. nefelites C. Brullo, S. Brullo, Giusso & Ilardi spec. nova von Sizilien wird beschrieben und illustriert. Einige der…
Silene crassiuscula (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Sicily
2015
Silene crassiuscula,, a new species of S. sect. Dipterosperma, is described and illustrated from North-Western Sicily. It is an annual halophyte with succulent growing on carbonatic or calcarenitic rocks of coastal stands. From the morphological point of view , S. crassiuscula appears to be similar to the species belonging to the S. colorata group especially to S. nummica, from Sardinia, from which it differs in several features chiefly regarding the habit, leaves, inflorescences, floral pieces and seed micro-morphology. An analytical key of the taxa belonging to this section is also provided.