Search results for "Sleep"
showing 10 items of 982 documents
Mandibular advancement devices: indications and predictors of treatment outcome. A review.
2007
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a chronic sleep and respiratory disorder, which causes a partial or total obstruction of the air passage at the upper airway level. Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) have been used in the treatment of snoring, but may be a valid alternative to the continuous nasal positive airway pressure (CPAP) for certain OSAS cases. Therapy by means of MADs arises the interest of the scientific community and now there are many sleep-centres where dentists work as experts in sleep disorders. MADs are instruments of value because they are simple to use, reversible, portable and they generally have a low complication rate. They mechanically increase the orophar…
Obstructive sleep apnea: screening is the waiting room for preoperative testing, postoperative monitoring, and safety measures
2018
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Epidemiology of intensive care unit-acquired sepsis in Italy: Results of the SPIN-UTI network
2018
Background. Sepsis is the major cause of mortality from any infectious disease worldwide. Sepsis may be the result of a healthcare associated infection (HAI): the most frequent adverse events during care delivery especially in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The main aim of the present study was to describe the epidemiology of ICU-acquired sepsis and related outcomes among patients enrolled in the framework of the Italian Nosocomial Infections Surveillance in ICUs - SPIN-UTI project. Study design. Prospective multicenter study. Methods. The SPIN-UTI network adopted the European protocols for patient-based HAI surveillance. Results. During the five editions of the SPIN-UTI project, from 2008 to…
Italian Association of Sleep Medicine (AIMS) position statement and guideline on the treatment of menopausal sleep disorders
2019
Insomnia, vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and depression often co-occur after the menopause, with consequent health problems and reductions in quality of life. The aim of this position statement is to provide evidence-based advice on the management of postmenopausal sleep disorders derived from a systematic review of the literature. The latter yielded results on VMS, insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and restless leg syndrome (RLS). Overall, the studies show that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) improves VMS, insomnia, and mood. Several antidepressants can improve insomnia, either on their own or in association with MHT; these include selective serotonin reuptake …
Automatic recognition of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by artificial neural networks.
1995
Artificial neural networks are well known for their good performance in pattern recognition. Their suitability for detecting REM sleep periods on the basis of preprocessed EEG data in humans under clinical conditions was tested and their performance compared with the manual evaluation. A single channel of the EEG signal was analysed in time periods of 20 s and preprocessed into a vector of six real numbers, which served as input to the network. EOG and EMG information was ignored. Backpropagation was used as a learning rule for the network, which consisted of 12 neurons and 39 synapses. Training datasets were put together from the input vectors and the corresponding sleep stages were scored…
Automatic Sleep Stage Identification with Time Distributed Convolutional Neural Network
2021
Polysomnography (PSG), the gold standard for sleep stage classification, requires a sleep expert for scoring and is both resource-intensive and expensive. Many researchers currently focus on the real-time classification of the sleep stages based on biomedical signals, such as Electroencephalograph (EEG) and electrooculography (EOG). However, most of the research work is based on machine learning models with multiple signal inputs or hand-engineered features requiring prior knowledge of the sleep domain. We propose a novel encoded Time-Distributed Convolutional Neural Network (TDConvNet) to automatically classify sleep stages based on a single raw PSG signal. The TDConvNet can infer sleep st…
No Effects of Pulsed High-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Heart Rate Variability during Human Sleep<sup>1</sup>
1998
The influence of pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields emitted by digital mobile radio telephones on heart rate during sleep in healthy humans was investigated. Beside mean RR interval and total variability of RR intervals based on calculation of the standard deviation, heart rate variability was assessed in the frequency domain by spectral power analysis providing information about the balance between the two branches of the autonomic nervous system. For most parameters, significant differences between different sleep stages were found. In particular, slow-wave sleep was characterized by a low ratio of low- and high-frequency components, indicating a predominance of the parasympathe…
Impact of an oral appliance on obstructive sleep apnea severity, quality of life, and biomarkers
2017
OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS To investigate outcomes including efficacy, quality of life, and levels of inflammatory markers of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) for moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. METHODS Patients with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15/hr who only accepted MAD therapy (study group) or who refused any treatment (control group) were recruited. At baseline and at 6 months, polysomnography, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were assessed in both groups. RESULTS At baseline, the study group (n …
Clinical manifestations of the anti-IgLON5 disease
2017
Objective:To report the presentation, main syndromes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass in the anti-IgLON5 disease: a disorder with parasomnias, sleep apnea, and IgLON5 antibodies.Methods:This was a retrospective clinical analysis of 22 patients. The IgG subclass was determined using reported techniques.Results:Patients' median age was 64 years (range 46–83). Symptoms that led to initial consultation included sleep problems (8 patients; 36%), gait abnormalities (8; 36%), bulbar dysfunction (3; 14%), chorea (2; 9%), and cognitive decline (1; 5%). By the time of diagnosis of the disorder, 4 syndromes were identified: (1) a sleep disorder with paras…
Is Sleep Disruption a Cause or Consequence of Alzheimer’s Disease? Reviewing Its Possible Role as a Biomarker
2020
In recent years, the idea that sleep is critical for cognitive processing has gained strength. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide and presents a high prevalence of sleep disturbances. However, it is difficult to establish causal relations, since a vicious circle emerges between different aspects of the disease. Nowadays, we know that sleep is crucial to consolidate memory and to remove the excess of beta-amyloid and hyperphosphorilated tau accumulated in AD patients’ brains. In this review, we discuss how sleep disturbances often precede in years some pathological traits, as well as cognitive decline, in AD. We describe the relevance of sleep to memory co…