Search results for "Smoking"
showing 10 items of 641 documents
Effects of pet exposure in the first year of life on respiratory and allergic symptoms in 7-yr-old children. The SIDRIA-2 study
2010
Lombardi E, Simoni M, La Grutta S, Viegi G, Bisanti L, Chellini E, Dell’Orco V, Migliore E, Petronio MG, Pistelli R, Rusconi F, Sestini P, Forastiere F, Galassi C and the SIDRIA-2 Collaborative Group. Effects of pet exposure in the first year of life on respiratory and allergic symptoms in 7-yr-old children. The SIDRIA-2 study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: 268–276. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S The effects of pet exposure on the development of respiratory symptoms have recently been the matter of vivid discussion. Our objective was to determine the effects of exposure to cat or dog in the first year of life on subsequent respiratory/allergic symptoms in children in a large Italian multi…
Prevalence and Risk Factors of PAD among Patients with Elevated ABI
2008
ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence and clinical significance of elevated ankle-brachial index (ABI) in patients referred to vascular consultation.DesignRetrospective clinical study.Material and methodsIn 1,762 patients referred with a suspicion of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), ABI and toe brachial index (TBI) were measured by photoplethysmography. ABI≥1.3 was considered falsely elevated and TBI<0.60 was the diagnostic criterion for PAD.ResultsThe prevalence of elevated ABI was 8.4% and that of PAD among these patients 62.2%. PAD was significantly more prevalent among subjects with severe symptoms (rest pain, ulcers or gangrene) than in those with intermittent claudication (83.8% and 45…
Circulating mir-320a promotes immunosuppressive macrophages M2 phenotype associated with lung cancer risk
2019
miRNAs play a central role in the complex signaling network of cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment. Little is known on the origin of circulating miRNAs and their relationship with the tumor microenvironment in lung cancer. Here, we focused on the cellular source and relative contribution of different cell types to circulating miRNAs composing our risk classifier of lung cancer using in vitro/in vivo models and clinical samples. A cell‐type specific expression pattern and topography of several miRNAs such as mir‐145 in fibroblasts, mir‐126 in endothelial cells, mir‐133a in skeletal muscle cells was observed in normal and lung cancer tissues. Granulocytes and platelets are the major …
Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for Thirteen Cancer Types
2015
BACKGROUND: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites.METHODS: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cance…
Occupational factors and risk of adult bone sarcomas:a multicentric case-control study in Europe
2006
International audience; We investigated the association between occupational factors and risk of bone sarcoma, a rare tumor with a largely unknown aetiology. A multicentric case-control study was conducted in 7 European countries in 1995-97. Ninety-six cases aged 35-69 years with a centrally reviewed diagnosis of bone sarcoma (68 chondrosarcomas and 28 osteosarcomas) were compared to 2,632 population (68%) or colon cancer (32%) controls. Subjects were interviewed to obtain information on occupational, medical and reproductive history, smoking and alcohol consumption and selected exposures including use of pesticides. Response proportions were 90% among cases and 66% among controls. Odds rat…
USE OF FUZZY NEURAL NETWORKS IN MODELING RELATIONSHIPS OF HPV INFECTION WITH APOPTOTIC AND PROLIFERATION MARKERS IN POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT ORAL LESIONS
2005
To evaluate in oral leukoplakia the relationship between HPV infection and markers of apoptosis (bcl-2, survivin) and proliferation (PCNA), also conditionally to age, gender, smoking and drinking habits of patients, by means of Fuzzy neural networks (FNN) system 21 cases of oral leukopakia, clinically and histologically diagnosed, were examined for HPV DNA presence, bcl-2, survivin and PCNA expression. HPV DNA was investigated in exfoliated oral mucosa cells by nested PCR (nPCR: MY09-MY11/GP5-GP6), and the HPV genotype determined by direct DNA sequencing. All markers were investigated by means of standardised immunohistochemistry procedure. Data were analysed by chi-square test, crude OR an…
Methylation profile in tumor and sputum samples of lung cancer patients detected by spiral computed tomography: A nested case-control study
2005
We evaluated the aberrant promoter methylation profile of a panel of 3 genes in DNA from tumor and sputum samples, in view of a complementary approach to spiral computed tomography (CT) for early diagnosis of lung cancer. The aberrant promoter methylation of RARbeta2, p16(INK4A) and RASSF1A genes was evaluated by methylation-specific PCR in tumor samples of 29 CT-detected lung cancer patients, of which 18 had tumor-sputum pairs available for the analysis, and in the sputum samples from 112 cancer-free heavy smokers enrolled in a spiral CT trial. In tumor samples from 29 spiral CT-detected patients, promoter hypermethylation was identified in 19/29 (65.5%) cases for RARbeta2, 12/29 (41.4%) f…
Cost-effectiveness of optimized adherence to prevention guidelines in European patients with coronary heart disease : results from the EUROASPIRE IV …
2018
Background: This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of optimized guideline adherence in patients with a history of coronary heart disease. Methods: An individual-based decision tree model was developed using the SMART risk score tool which estimates the 10-year risk for recurrent vascular events in patients with manifest cardiovascular disease (CVD). Analyses were based on the EUROASPIRE IV survey. Outcomes were expressed as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Results: Data from 4663 patients from 13 European countries were included in the analyses. The mean estimated 10-year risk for a recurrent vascular event decreased from 20.13% to 18.61% after optimized guideline a…
TLR4 upregulation underpins airway neutrophilia in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure
2010
Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR) seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Upon TLR activation the release of defensins, including human beta defensin 2 (HBD-2), may occur. In this study, we explored the innate responses in patients with respiratory failure, with and without COPD, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. Mini-bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) samples were collected from nonsmoker subjects without COPD (n = 10), smokers without COPD (n = 6), and smokers with COPD (n = 15). TLR4, TLR2, and HBD-2 expression was evaluated by immunocytochemistry; interleukin (IL)-8, IP-10, and HBD-2 concentrations were evaluated by e…
Socioeconomic differences in adolescents’ smoking: a comparison between Finland and Beijing, China
2016
Background: Various studies have demonstrated the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and health and health behaviour among adolescents. However, few studies have compared the socioeconomic difference in adolescent smoking between countries with different stage of smoking. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and adolescent smoking in Beijing, China and Finland through the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Methods: The data used in this study were derived from the Chinese HBSC linked project survey 2008 in Beijing and the Finnish HBSC survey 2006. The final sample included 2005 Chinese and 1…