Search results for "Social Isolation"
showing 10 items of 108 documents
A "double hit" murine model for schizophrenia shows alterations in the structure and neurochemistry of the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocamp…
2013
Both alterations in neurodevelopment and aversive experiences during childhood and adolescence seem important risk factors for schizophrenia. Animal models reproducing these alterations mimic some of the symptoms, constituting a valid approach to study the etiopathology of this disorder. Among these models, the perinatal injection of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists and the postweaning social isolation rearing are among the most widely used. Our aim is to combine them in a "double hit" model, which should produce a wider spectrum of alterations. Lister Hooded rats have been subjected to a single injection of MK-801 at postnatal day 7 and socially isolated from postweaning to adulth…
Reputation, loneliness, satisfaction with life and aggressive behavior in adolescence
2008
The present study analyses the relationship between adolescents' perception of reputation and aggressive behavior among peers. The sample is made up of 1319 adolescents aged 11 to 16 years old. Statistical analyses with structural equation modeling were carried out to examine the direct and indirect effect of perception of reputation (real and ideal) on aggressive behavior. Results indicate that adolescents' real and ideal reputations are related both directly and indirectly to aggressive behavior. The indirect effects suggest that loneliness and life satisfaction mediate the relationship between adolescents' reputation and their aggressive behavior. These findings and their implications ar…
Friendship Moderates Prospective Associations Between Social Isolation and Adjustment Problems in Young Children
2007
This longitudinal study investigated prospective links between social isolation and adjustment problems among 166 (77 girls, 89 boys) Finnish children ages 7 to 9. Peer nominations for social engagement and self‐reports of internalizing and externalizing problems were collected in the spring of the 1st and 2nd grade. Friendship moderated prospective associations between peer and adjustment variables. Among friended children, there were no prospective associations between social isolation and either internalizing or externalizing problems. Among unfriended children, initial social isolation was positively linked to subsequent increases in internalizing and externalizing problems, and initial…
Effects of risperidone and SCH 23390 on isolation-induced aggression in male mice.
1998
In this study, the antiaggressive effects of risperidone and SCH 23390 have been explored. Using the paradigm of isolation-induced aggression, 150 albino male mice of the OF1 strain were allocated to control and experimental groups which received three doses of risperidone (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) or two doses of SCH 23390 (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg). Only the highest doses of risperidone decreased threat and attack behaviours but all doses significantly impaired motor behaviour. SCH 23390 decreased attack with the two doses used and also produced significant increases in immobility. Although both antipsychotics are antiaggressive, this action seems to be more specific in the case of risperidone…
Isolation decreases physical and motivational aspects of morphine withdrawal
2005
Environmental manipulations such as social housing conditions of animals may play a role in the expression of individual differences in response to drugs. This study aimed to evaluate whether isolated and grouped mice develop different degrees of morphine dependence. Isolated and grouped mice were rendered morphine dependent employing two different methods of induction: a fast or slow protocol, both reaching the same maximum daily dose (100 mg/kg). Naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal was assessed using a modified Gellert-Holtzman scale and a conditioned place aversion (CPA) procedure. Isolated animals manifested fewer signs of physical dependence than grouped mice and only those receiving …
A specific anti-aggressive effect of repeatedly administered lobeline.
2002
The effects of chronic treatments with nicotinic agonists on agonistic encounters have received little attention. The effects of repeated (for 10 days) SC administration of (-)-lobeline (9.3, 18.6 and 37.2 micromol/kg) and (-)-nicotine (0.93, 1.86 and 3.72 micromol/kg) were evaluated using the mouse isolation-induced aggression model. Individually housed OF1 male mice served as experimental animals and were confronted by 'standard opponents'. Each mouse was tested only once on the last day of the repeated drug treatment. Videotaped agonistic encounters were analysed estimating the times allocated to 11 behavioural categories. Repeated treatment with the highest dose of lobeline diminished a…
Effects of housing and nicotine on shuttle-box avoidance in male NMRI mice
2005
The present study aimed to evaluate whether housing condition could interact with nicotine administration in influencing the acquisition of a two-way active avoidance task. Male NMRI mice were either group- or individually housed for 30 days and, after this period, evaluated both in the actimeter and, 24h later, in the elevated plus-maze. On the basis of the percentage of time spent in the open arms of the plus-maze, both group- and individually housed mice were sub-classified into three groups with high, moderate or low anxiety baseline levels. Effects of nicotine on the acquisition of the two-way active avoidance task was assessed in each of these groups of mice using an automated shuttle…
Spatial learning in male mice with different levels of aggressiveness: effects of housing conditions and nicotine administration
2003
The main aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the possible modulation of spatial learning ability by housing conditions and level of aggressiveness in mice, also testing whether differences in locomotion and anxiety could influence this relationship. Additionally, we have examined effects of nicotine in the acquisition and retention of a spatial learning task in groups of mice differing in these variables. NMRI male mice were either group-housed or individually housed for 30 days and then classified into mice with short (SAL) and long (LAL) attack latency after a pre-screening agonistic encounter. Locomotor activity and baseline levels of anxiety of these groups were evaluated i…
Psychological adjustment of Spanish adolescents and their parents during COVID- 19 lockdown: A mixed method approach
2021
Previous literature on the psychological impact of COVID-19 has shown a direct relationship between family conflicts and psychological distress among parents and their children during the domestic lockdown and social isolation; but there are also opportunities to enhance family bonding, encourage collective problem-solving and improve personal relationships. This study aimed to explore psychological adjustment processes of Spanish adolescents and their parents during the first month of lockdown by analyzing their narratives, perceived outcomes, protection and risk factors. A total of 142 people agreed to participate in this study. Of all participants, 61 were adolescents (M = 13.57; SD = 1.…
Bidirectional relationship between caregiver burden and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review
2019
Objective: The aim of this review is to make a state of the art of the potential influence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPs) on caregiver stress and vice versa. Methods: We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for potential eligible articles. Results: Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) usually need high levels of care in all activities of daily living, most of them provided by family members, friends, or informal caregivers. Caregivers have to cope with both age-related conditions and dementia-related factors. Therefore, caregiving in dementia is more difficult and stressful than caregiving for older adults, affected by other conditions. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety, agitat…