Search results for "Sodium"

Enhanced Electrochemical Properties of Na0.67MnO2 Cathode for Na-Ion Batteries Prepared with Novel Tetrabutylammonium Alginate Binder

2022

This research was funded by the State Education Development Agency, the Republic of Latvia, grant number 1.1.1.2/VIAA/1/16/166, "Advanced Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries". Institute of Solid-State Physics, University of Latvia as the Centre of Excellence has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Program H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2.

Calorimetric and viscosimetric investigation of the interaction between α,β-polyasparthydrazide and sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles

1993

Abstract The interaction between α,β-polyasparthydrazide (PAHy) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles in aqueous solution was investigated by calorimetry and viscosimetry. The dependence of the enthalpic effect due to this interaction upon the surfactant concentration was rationalized in terms of a progressive binding of SDS micelles to the polymeric backbone. The analysis of the calorimetric data allow evaluation of the binding ability of SDS micelles to the polymeric chain. The viscosimetric behavior of SDS plus PAHy aqueous solutions, discussed in terms of the parameter F [F = ηrel(PAHy) + ηrel(PAHy) − ηrel(SDS+PAHy)], confirms the occurence of the interaction between SDS micelles an…

Poloxamer/sodium cholate co-formulation for micellar encapsulation of Doxorubicin with high efficiency for intracellular delivery: an in-vitro bioava…

2020

Abstract Hypothesis Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DX) is widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent, though its severe side-effects limit its clinical use. A way to overcome these limitations is to increase DX latency through encapsulation in suitable carriers. However, DX has a high solubility in water, hindering encapsulation. The formulation of DX with sodium cholate (NaC) will reduce aqueous solubility through charge neutralization and hydrophobic interactions thus facilitating DX encapsulation into poloxamer (F127) micelles, increasing drug latency. Experiments DX/NaC/PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer (F127) formulations with high DX content (DX-PMs) have been prepared and characterized by scat…

Evaluation of Effects of Various Irrigating Solutions on Chemical Structure of Root Canal Dentin Using FTIR, SEM, and EDS: An In Vitro Study

2022

Background: Sequential chemical application for irrigating a root canal during chemomechanical debridement can affect the dentin microstructure. Understanding the effects of various irrigants on chemical properties of dentin can elucidate their effects on physical properties and thereby explain the higher incidence of structural failure in endodontically treated teeth. This in vitro research aimed to compare and evaluate the effects of three different irrigating solutions on the chemical structure of root canal dentin in extracted human teeth. Methods: Forty-eight extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were sectioned at the cemento–enamel junction by a diamond disc and were…

Compartmentalization of gypsum and halite associated with cyanobacteria in saline soil crusts

2016

The interface between biological and geochemical components in surface crust of a saline soil was investigated using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS). Mineral compounds such as halite and gypsum were identified crystallized around filaments of cyanobacteria. A total of 92 genera were identified from the bacterial community based on 16S gene pyrosequencing analysis. The occurrence of the gypsum crystals, their shapes and compartmentalization suggested that they separated NaCl from the immediate microenvironment of the cyanobacteria, and that some cyanobacteria and communities of su…

Pyroglutamate stimulates Na+ -dependent glutamate transport across the blood-brain barrier.

2006

Regulation of Na(+)-dependent glutamate transport was studied in isolated luminal and abluminal plasma membranes derived from the bovine blood-brain barrier. Abluminal membranes have Na(+)-dependent glutamate transporters while luminal membranes have facilitative transporters. This organization allows glutamate to be actively removed from brain. gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, the first enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle (GGC), is on the luminal membrane. Pyroglutamate (oxoproline), an intracellular product of GGC, stimulated Na(+)-dependent transport of glutamate by 46%, whereas facilitative glutamate uptake in luminal membranes was inhibited. This relationship between GGC and glutamate tra…

Following ionic activity by electrochemistry during the polymerase chain reaction

2009

The most commonly used technique for gene detection is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR is associated with alterations in ionic activity because inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) ions are produced during nucleotide polymerization. To maintain electro-neutrality, magnesium, potassium, and ammonium ions are bound to DNA. Deoxynucleotides are also bound to DNA during PCR. Some authors have described DNA itself as an electrically conducting polymer formed by base stapling with the formation of extensive Pi systems. In the current study, alterations in electrical conductivity determined experimentally during PCR are reported, and a model explaining the observed c…

Retrograde transport of sodium selenite and intracellular injection of micro-ruby: a combined method to describe the morphology of zinc-rich neurones.

2003

Abstract Zinc is found in synaptic vesicles in a large number of glutamatergic systems. Its involvement in neurotransmission and neurological disorders has been suggested. There are methods for tracing these circuits, but they do not fill the dendritic tree. In this study, extracellular selenite injections in vivo were combined with intracellular injection of fluorochromes in fixed tissue to reveal the morphology of these zinc-rich neurones. Intraperitoneal and intracerebral injections of sodium selenite alone or intracerebral injections of selenite combined with bisbenzimide were made in the visual cortex of the rat in order to locate the somata of zinc-rich neurones. After 24 h of retrogr…

Filling the gap between Guidelines and Real World in the cardiovascular approach to the diabetic patients: the need for a call to action

2020

Postnatal overfeeding in rats leads to moderate overweight and to cardiometabolic and oxidative alterations in adulthood.

2011

In contrast to the masses of data on obesity, few data are available concerning the cardiometabolic and oxidative consequences of moderate overweight. The model of postnatal overfeeding (OF) induces an increase in body weight at weaning that remains during adult life. Litters of Wistar rats were either maintained at 12 pups (normal-fed group, NF), or reduced to 3 pups at birth in order to induce OF. At 6 months of age, metabolic parameters, circulating oxidative stress and aortic and coronary vasoreactivity were assessed. Cardiac susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury was also evaluated ex vivo as were markers of cardiac remodeling. OF led to an increase in body weight at weaning (+5…