Search results for "Sorption"
showing 10 items of 4623 documents
Enhancing effect of alpha-hydroxyacids on "in vitro" permeation across the human skin of compounds with different lipophilicity.
2005
The percutaneous penetration-enhancing effects of glycolic acid, lactic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate through the human epidermis was investigated using 5-fluorouracil as a hydrophilic model permeant and three compounds belonging to the phenylalcohols: 2-phenyl-ethanol, 4-phenyl-butanol and 5-phenyl-pentanol. The lipophilicity values of the compounds ranged from log Poct -0.95 to 2.89. The effect of the enhancer concentration was also studied. Skin pretreatment with aqueous solutions of the three enhancers did not increase the permeability coefficient of the most lipophilic compound (log Poct = 2.89). For the other compounds assayed, the increase in the permeability coefficients depended …
Skin-PAMPA: a new method for fast prediction of skin penetration.
2011
The goal of this study was to develop a quick, reliable, and cost-effective permeability model for predicting transdermal penetration of compounds. The Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) was chosen for this purpose, as it already has been successfully used for estimating passive gastrointestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier permeability. To match the permeability of the rate-limiting barrier in human skin, synthetic certramides, which are analogs of the ceramides present in the stratum corneum, were selected for the skin-PAMPA model. The final skin-PAMPA membrane lipid mixture (certramide, free fatty acid, and cholesterol) was selected and optimized based on data …
Inhibition of skin inflammation by baicalin ultradeformable vesicles.
2016
The topical efficacy of baicalin, a natural flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which has several beneficial properties, such as antioxidative, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative, is hindered by its poor aqueous solubility and low skin permeability. Therefore, its incorporation into appropriate phospholipid vesicles could be a useful tool to improve its local activity. To this purpose, baicalin at increasing concentrations up to saturation, was incorporated in ultradeformable vesicles, which were small in size (∼67nm), monodispersed (PI<0.19) and biocompatible, regardless of the concentration of baicalin, as confirmed by in vitro studies using fibroblasts…
Corynebacterium aquatimens sp. nov., a lipophilic Corynebacterium isolated from blood cultures of a patient with bacteremia
2012
An unknown lipophilic coryneform bacterium isolated from the blood cultures of a patient with bacteremia was characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of short chain mycolic acids consistent with the genus Corynebacterium. The DNA G+C content was 60.8 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate represents a new subline within the genus Corynebacterium. The closely phylogenetic relative of the unknown bacterium was found to be C. tuscaniense (97.8% sequence similarity). Partial rpoB gene sequence revealed that strain IMMIB L-2475(T) exhibited 13.5% sequence divergence with C. tuscaniense. The unknown…
Effect of loperamide on jejunal electrolyte and water transport, prostaglandin E 2-induced secretion and intestinal transit time in man
1991
Jejunal perfusion was performed in 12 healthy volunteers to evaluate the dose dependent effects of loperamide on intestinal absorption, stimulated secretion and transit. In 6 volunteers intestinal perfusion of the jejunal segment with isotonic NaCl solution was followed by addition of loperamide in increasing doses (2–8 mg·l−1). The volunteers were pretreated with 1 mg·l−1 prostaglandin E2 (PgE2) in the perfusate before addition of 4 mg·l−1 loperamide. Phenolsulphonphtalein (PSP) boluses (2 ml) were given to measure mean transit time (MTT). Loperamide 2 mg·l−1 converted the minor secretion after perfusion with the standard solution (water −1.45 ml·min−1, Na −0.09 and Cl −0.04 mmol·min−1) to…
Protein�A immunoadsorption therapy for refractory, mitomycin�C?associated thrombotic microangiopathy
2007
BACKGROUND: Mitomycin C–associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) has a poor prognosis with limited therapeutic options. Most patients die within 4 months of diagnosis due to pulmonary or renal failure. Here, a patient resistant to total plasma exchange (TPE) and immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoids, rituximab, vincristine, and splenectomy who was successfully treated with protein A immunoadsorption is described. CASE REPORT: A 29-year-old woman developed a TMA after chemotherapy with mitomycin C. She presented with thrombocytopenia, pulmonary edema, hemolytic anemia with presence of schistocytes, and renal failure. Immediate TPE (>120 times) and immunosuppressive therapy with g…
Humidity of Anaesthetic Gases with Respect to Low Flow Anaesthesia
1994
It has been demonstrated in an experimental study in swine using the scanning electron microscope that a rebreathing technique utilising minimal fresh gas flowrates significantly improves climatization of anaesthetic gases. Consequently, effects of various anaesthetic techniques on airway climate must be assessed, which covers the need for suitable measuring devices. Basic principles and methods of humidity measurement in flowing anaesthetic gases include gravimetric hygrometry, dew point hygrometry, wet-dry bulb psychrometry, mass spectrometry, spectroscopic hygrometry and electrical hygrometry. A custom-made apparatus for continuous measurement of humidity and temperature in the inspired…
Increased protein kinase A regulatory subunit content and cGMP binding in erythrocyte membranes in liver cirrhosis
2003
Abstract Background/Aims : Patients with liver disease show increased plasma cGMP and decreased intracellular cGMP in lymphocytes. The initial aim of this work was to assess whether decreased intracellular cGMP and increased plasma cGMP may be due to increased ATP-dependent release of cGMP from cells. The results obtained led to a new aim: to identify and quantify a protein responsible for the increased cGMP binding found in erythrocyte membranes from patients with liver disease. Methods : ATP-dependent cGMP transport was determined in inside-out vesicles from erythrocyte membranes. cGMP-binding proteins were isolated from the membranes and identified by MALDI-TOF peptide mass fingerprint. …
Gastrointestinal disturbances and their management in miglustat‐treated patients
2011
Miglustat (Zavesca®) is approved for the oral treatment of adult patients with mild to moderate type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1) for whom enzyme replacement therapy is unsuitable, and for the treatment of progressive neurological manifestations in adult and paediatric patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C). Gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhoea, flatulence and abdominal pain/discomfort have consistently been reported as the most frequent adverse events associated with miglustat during clinical trials and in real-world clinical practice settings. These adverse events are generally mild or moderate in severity, occurring mostly during the initial weeks of therapy. The mechanis…
The intestinal mycobiota and its relationship with overweight, obesity and nutritional aspects
2021
[Background]: The fungal community of the gastrointestinal tract has recently become of interest, and knowledge of its relationship with the development of obesity is scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the cultivable fungal fraction from the microbiota and to analyze its relationship with obesity.