Search results for "Spasm"

Changes in the adrenergic mechanisms of cerebral arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage in goats.

1994

We have examined the effects of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), induced by delivering autologous blood into the subarachnoid space, on the adrenergic mechanisms of the goat cerebrovascular bed. To achieve this, the response to noradrenaline was recorded both in vivo, by measuring cerebral blood flow in unanesthetized animals, and in vitro, by recording isometric tension in isolated cerebral arteries. In addition, we checked the function of adrenergic innervation by measuring the tritium efflux evoked by electrical stimulation in cerebral arteries preloaded with [3H]-noradrenaline, and we examined this innervation by using both fluorescent and electron transmission microscopy. Al…

Erythropoietin for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Is There a Reason for Hope?

2011

I b S a r a S ubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) associated with a ruptured cerebral aneurysm remains a source of significant morbidity and mortality, not only from the initial hemorrhage but lso from the delayed complications, such as cerebral vasospasm ften severe enough to induce irreversible changes in cerebral erfusion. Several drugs have been developed that have the otential to limit cerebral vasospasm and delayed ischemic eurologic deficit, thus improving outcome for patients. Howver, although numerous agents that can prevent arterial narrowng and/or block the excitatory cascade of events leading to schemic neuronal death in experimental conditions, there is still o pharmacologic agent tha…

Analysis of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with High Frequency Transcranial Duplex Ultrasound

2021

Cerebral vasospasm that occurs in the weeks after subarachnoid hemorrhage, a type of hemorrhagic stroke, contributes to delayed cerebral ischemia. A problem encountered in experimental studies using murine models of SAH is that methods for in vivo monitoring of cerebral vasospasm in mice are lacking. Here, we demonstrate the application of high frequency ultrasound to perform transcranial Duplex sonography examinations on mice. Using the method, the internal carotid arteries (ICA) could be identified. The blood flow velocities in the intracranial ICAs were accelerated significantly after induction of SAH, while blood flow velocities in the extracranial ICAs remained low, indicating cerebral…

The Role of Erythropoietin in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: From Bench to Bedside

2014

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) caused by a ruptured aneurysm accounts for only 5 % of strokes, but occurs at a fairly young age and carries a poor prognosis. Delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI) is an important cause of death and dependence after aneurysmal SAH. The current mainstay of preventing DCI is nimodipine and maintenance of normovolemia, but even with this strategy DCI occurs in a considerable proportion of patients.

2020

Background: Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is frequently used with computed tomography perfusion imaging (CTP) to evaluate whether endovascular vasospasm treatment is indicated for subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with delayed cerebral ischemia. However, objective parameters for CTA evaluation are lacking. In this study, we used an automated, investigator-independent, digital method to detect vasospasm, and we evaluated whether the method could predict the need for subsequent endovascular vasospasm treatment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts and analyzed imaging data for 40 consecutive patients with subarachnoid hemorrhages. The cerebrovascular trees were digitally rec…

nrCBF for Timing of Angiography and Operation in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

1983

Early operation on cerebral aneurysms is demanded not least because of the threat of spasm of the cerebral vessels. As is generally recognized, this is to be expected in a very high percentage within a few days after the first aneurysm hemorrhage and frequently cannot be diagnosed clinically (4, 5). Many neurosurgeons have rated the risk of operating in the presence of vasospasm so high that, like C.G. DRAKE in 1975 (2), they demanded control angiography with its own risk, especially in existing vasospasm in early angiography and the aneurysm operation itself could not take place rapidly.

Recommendations for the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

2005

After SAH, primary and secondary complications are frequent and often require neurosurgical interventions to avoid secondary brain damage. The authors of the present paper have summarized the available data about the treatment modalities often used for patients with SAH. The present recommendations have been developed as a neurosurgical and neuroanestesiological consensus. Evidence from prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled studies support grade A recommendations (standard) for the prophylaxis and treatment of cerebral vasospasm with oral Nimodipine in good grade patients. For intravenous Nimodipine or for oral nimodipine treatment in poor grade patients, available data …

New applicator improves waterjet dissection quality

2010

Waterjet dissection is accomplished with Helix Hydro-Jet, but a new device with improved operative handling and potentially superior dissection qualities has been developed.Eighty-four fresh cadaveric pig brains were simultaneously cut with Helix Hydro-Jet and Erbejet 2. A commonly used applicator and a new applicator for the Helix Hydro-Jet were directly compared to the new Erbejet 2. Under standardised conditions, different pressure levels were applied to the brain surface without arachnoids. Technical features, cutting depth, tissue damage and differences of applicators were examined.Microscopic analysis of cutting depth revealed different dissection characteristics of both the devices. …

Vacuum inversion and securing of distal colonic pseudodiverticula with novel spiked O-rings

2015

Background Diverticular disease is increasingly prevalent in Western societies and is associated with significant morbidity. Objective Two-stage endoscopic device development for inversion and secured ligation of colonic diverticula; first, human cadaver studies were performed to measure forces required for diverticular inversion; second, a novel set of devices (elastic spiked O-ring with delivery system) was tested in animals. Design Prospective, observational study of human cadavers and prospective, interventional study of a porcine model. Setting University hospital pathology laboratory and animal facility. Intervention Full-thickness inversion of the colonic wall with a pipelike deliver…

2014

It has been claimed that endoscopic calcaneoplasty offers some advantages over open techniques in the surgical treatment of Haglund’s deformity due to reduced postoperative complications like stiffness and pain. Bony over-resection places patients at risk of these complications. The resulting question with regard to the quantitative differences of the extent of the bone removed using these two techniques has not yet been answered. The purpose of the study was to determine the resection volume of calcaneal bone for open and endoscopic surgical techniques.