Search results for "Standardization"

La standardizzazione e le Standard Setting Organizations

Il presente lavoro ha ad oggetto il fenomeno della standardizzazione tecnica, con specifico riferimento al ruolo svolto in tale ambito dalle c.d. Standard Setting Organizations (SSOs) e alle regole dalle stesse predisposte al fine di evitare possibili rischi anticoncorrenziali derivanti dal fenomeno in questione.

VLPZ: The Vehicular Location Privacy Zone

2016

International audience; One of the key challenges in the success of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is to consider the location privacy of drivers. Although, the pseudonym changing approach is suggested by standardization development organizations such as IEEE and ETSI, the development of an effective pseudonym changing strategy is still an open issue. The existing pseudonym changing strategies are either not effective to protect against the pseudonyms linking attacks or can have a negative impact on the VANETs’ applications. To address these issues, this paper proposes a new pseudonym changing strategy based on the Vehicular Location Privacy Zone (VLPZ), which is a roadside infrastructu…

Building Digital Government by XML

2005

Continuing innovations in information and communication technologies offer powerful tools for building digital government but, at the same time, in many environments they have lead into a number of heterogeneous, expensive, and inconsistent solutions. XML offers a common metalanguage and terminology to develop means for system and data integration, and for gradual transfer to more consistent formats in information assets. The paper describes ways for the use of XML in public administration and gives examples of the use, particularly, in Finland. The paper introduces XML standardization levels and types in public administration. Experiences of the long-term standardization of the Finnish par…

Determination of anti GAD65 autoantibodies with an ELISA before and after standardization with the new international reference serum

2009

The serum of a stiff-man syndrome patient was declared international GAD reference standard at the "1st GAD Antibody Workshop" held at the "12th International Immunology and Diabetes Workshop" in Orlando, Florida, USA 1993. A comparative study was performed with 123 diabetic and non-diabetic patients to evaluate whether standardization of this reference serum had changed the properties of a commercially available ELISA assay. All samples classified positive with the old test were confirmed with the new assay. Four additional samples with high "normal" values became positive with the new test. One of them was a control person having a family history of diabetes and genetic loci DR4/DR11. The…

Safety assessment of food-contact paper and board using a battery of short-term toxicity tests: European union BIOSAFEPAPER project.

2005

International audience; An European Union (EU)-funded project QLK1-CT-2001-00930 (BIOSAFEPAPER) involves the development, validation and intercalibration of a short-term battery of toxicological tests for the safety assessment of food-contact paper and board. Dissemination of the results to industry, legislators (e.g. DG Consumer Protection, DG Enterprises, DG Research), standardization bodies such as CEN, and consumers will create an agreed risk evaluation procedure. The project involves pre-normative research in order to establish a set of in-vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity tests that will be easily adaptable to food-contact fibre-based materials and have endpoints relevant to consume…

Perspectives for Globalized Natural Medicines

2011

Natural medicines provide valuable resources to meet the requirements for global health care at affordable prices. Therefore, safety and efficacy need to be proven in a comparable manner to conventional drugs. Evidence-based natural and western medicine may merge to a “one-world medicine” for the sake of all patients in industrialized and developing countries. In the present review, we discuss strategies for (1) preservation of traditional knowledge on natural medicines, (2) sustainability of medicinal herbs and natural products, and (3) standardization and quality control. Novel technologies will impact research on natural medicines in the years to come, e.g. remote sensing to map medicina…

Invariant aspects in M-commerce environments

2005

Mobile phones and other small and powerful portable devices have revolutionized personal communication and affected the lifestyles of the people in the industrialized world. Following credible estimates, in a few years there will over two - billions of such portable devices in use. An emerging trend is the electronic commerce performed using mobile terminals over wireless networks, often called mobile commerce or M-commerce. Mobile commerce environments are characterized by high complexity, including myriads of technical and organizational aspects. This property makes it difficult to distinguish the more fundamental issues, structures, and concepts in mobile commerce from the hype. To captu…

Comparative Study of Human and Automated Screening for Antinuclear Antibodies by Immunofluorescence on HEp-2 Cells

2015

Background : Several automated systems had been developed in order to reduce inter-observer variability in indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) interpretation. We aimed to evaluate the performance of a processing system in antinuclear antibodies (ANA) screening on HEp-2 cells. Patients and Methods : This study included 64 ANA-positive sera and 107 ANA-negative sera that underwent IIF on two commercial kits of HEp-2 cells (BioSystems® and Euroimmun®). IIF results were compared with a novel automated interpretation system, the “ Cyclopus CADImmuno®” (CAD). Results : All ANA-positive sera images were recognized as positive by CAD (sensitivity = 100%), while 17 (15.9%) of the ANA-negative sera ima…

Standardized general purpose technologies: A note

2021

General purpose technologies (GPTs) have been important drivers of industrial revolutions and economic development, but their link to standards has not been analyzed systematically. We document that all of the most common examples of GPTs—steam, railway, electricity and information (and communication) technology—have been subject to standardization efforts over time. Standards development has acted as an institution that has more or less made an impact on the technological progress in these fields and their application sectors. While empirical studies of GPTs have utilized, among other things, patent data to identify GPTs, our observations indicate that the analysis of standards organizatio…

PRIVANET: An Efficient Pseudonym Changing and Management Framework for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2020

Protecting the location privacy is one of the main challenges in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Although, standardization bodies, such as IEEE and ETSI, have adopted a pseudonym-based scheme as a solution for this problem, an efficient pseudonym changing and management is still an open issue. In this paper, we propose PRIVANET, a complete and efficient pseudonym changing and management framework. The PRIVANET has a hierarchical structure and considers the vehicular geographic area as a grid. Each cell of this grid contains one or many logical zones, called vehicular location privacy zones (VLPZs). These zones can easily be deployed over the widespread roadside infrastructures (RIs), su…