Search results for "Stem Cell"
showing 10 items of 2354 documents
Adipose tissue, angiogenesis and angio-MIR under physiological and pathological conditions.
2019
Angiogenesis is a crucial process for the maintenance of normal tissue physiology and it is involved in tissue remodeling and regeneration. This process is essential for adipose tissue maintenance. The adipose tissue is composed by different cell types including stromal vascular cells as well as adipose stem cells (ASCs). In particular, ASCs are multipotent somatic stem cells that are able to differentiate and secrete several growth factors; they are recently emerging as a new cell reservoir for novel therapies and strategies in many diseases. Several studies suggest that ASCs have peculiar properties and participate in different disease-related processes such as angiogenesis. Furthermore, …
High-resolution mouse subventricular zone stem-cell niche transcriptome reveals features of lineage, anatomy, and aging
2020
Adult neural stem cells (NSC) serve as a reservoir for brain plasticity and origin for certain gliomas. Lineage tracing and genomic approaches have portrayed complex underlying heterogeneity within the major anatomical location for NSC, the subventricular zone (SVZ). To gain a comprehensive profile of NSC heterogeneity, we utilized a well-validated stem/progenitor-specific reporter transgene in concert with single-cell RNA sequencing to achieve unbiased analysis of SVZ cells from infancy to advanced age. The magnitude and high specificity of the resulting transcriptional datasets allow precise identification of the varied cell types embedded in the SVZ including specialized parenchymal cell…
Studying the Neurovascular Unit: An Improved Blood–Brain Barrier Model
2009
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) closely interacts with the neuronal parenchyma in vivo. To replicate this interdependence in vitro, we established a murine coculture model composed of brain endothelial cell (BEC) monolayers with cortical organotypic slice cultures. The morphology of cell types, expression of tight junctions, formation of reactive oxygen species, caspase-3 activity in BECs, and alterations of electrical resistance under physiologic and pathophysiological conditions were investigated. This new BBB model allows the application of techniques such as laser scanning confocal microscopy, immunohistochemistry, fluorescent live cell imaging, and electrical cell substrate impedance se…
Loss of input from the mossy cells blocks maturation of newly generated granule cells.
2007
The objective of this work is to check whether the input from the mossy cells to the inner molecular layer is necessary for the integration and maturation of the newly generated granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG) in mice, and if after status epilepticus the sprouting of the mossy fibers can substitute for this projection. Newly generated cells were labeled by administration of 5-bromo-deoxyuridine either before or after pilocarpine administration. The neuronal loss in the hippocampus after administration of pilocarpine combined with scopolamine and diazepam seemed restricted to the hilar mossy cells. The maturation of the granule cells was studied using immunohistochemistry for calreti…
Isolation and Culture of Colon Cancer Stem Cells
2008
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) resemble normal stem cells in several ways. Both cell types are self-renewing and when they divide, one of the daughter cells differentiates while the other retains stem cell properties, including the ability to divide in the same way again. CSCs have been demonstrated to exist in several solid tumors, including colon carcinoma; these cells are able to initiate and sustain tumor growth. There are essentially three different methods to isolate CSCs: establishment culture, the MACS (magnetic cell sorting) technology, and the FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) technology.
Fusion of bone-marrow-derived cells with Purkinje neurons, cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes
2003
Recent studies have suggested that bone marrow cells possess a broad differentiation potential, being able to form new liver cells, cardiomyocytes and neurons1,2. Several groups have attributed this apparent plasticity to ‘transdifferentiation’3,4,5. Others, however, have suggested that cell fusion could explain these results6,7,8,9. Using a simple method based on Cre/lox recombination to detect cell fusion events, we demonstrate that bone-marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) fuse spontaneously with neural progenitors in vitro. Furthermore, bone marrow transplantation demonstrates that BMDCs fuse in vivo with hepatocytes in liver, Purkinje neurons in the brain and cardiac muscle in the heart, resul…
Predetermined embryonic glial cells form the distinct glial sheaths of the Drosophila peripheral nervous system
2013
International audience; One of the numerous functions of glial cells in Drosophila is the ensheathment of neurons to isolate them from the potassium-rich haemolymph, thereby establishing the blood-brain barrier. Peripheral nerves of flies are surrounded by three distinct glial cell types. Although all embryonic peripheral glia (ePG) have been identified on a single-cell level, their contribution to the three glial sheaths is not known. We used the Flybow system to label and identify each individual ePG in the living embryo and followed them into third instar larva. We demonstrate that all ePG persist until the end of larval development and some even to adulthood. We uncover the origin of al…
Derivation of clinical-grade human embryonic stem cells.
2006
Embryonic stem cells proliferate in vitro while maintaining an undifferentiated state, and are capable of differentiating into most cell types under appropriate conditions. These properties imply great potential in the treatment of various diseases and disabilities. In fact, the first clinical trials with hESC for treating spinal cord injuries will begin next year. However, therapeutic application of human embryonic stem cell derivatives is compromised by the exposure of existing lines to animal and human components, with the subsequent risk of contamination with retroviruses and other pathogens, which can be transmitted to patients. The scientific community is striving to avoid the use of …
Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Synthesize Neuromodulatory Factors
2015
NG2 protein-expressing oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) are a persisting and major glial cell population in the adult mammalian brain. Direct synaptic innervation of OPC by neurons throughout the brain together with their ability to sense neuronal network activity raises the question of additional physiological roles of OPC, supplementary to generating myelinating oligodendrocytes. In this study we investigated whether OPC express neuromodulatory factors, typically synthesized by other CNS cell types. Our results show that OPC express two well-characterized neuromodulatory proteins: Prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) and neuronal Pentraxin 2 (Nptx2/Narp). Expression levels of the enzym…
Cre-mediated cell ablation contests mast cell contribution in models of antibody- and T cell-mediated autoimmunity.
2011
SummaryImmunological functions of mast cells remain poorly understood. Studies in Kit mutant mice suggest key roles for mast cells in certain antibody- and T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. However, Kit mutations affect multiple cell types of both immune and nonimmune origin. Here, we show that targeted insertion of Cre-recombinase into the mast cell carboxypeptidase A3 locus deleted mast cells in connective and mucosal tissues by a genotoxic Trp53-dependent mechanism. Cre-mediated mast cell eradication (Cre-Master) mice had, with the exception of a lack of mast cells and reduced basophils, a normal immune system. Cre-Master mice were refractory to IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, and this defe…