Search results for "Stereotaxic Technique"
showing 10 items of 40 documents
Neuronal activity triggers uptake of hematopoietic extracellular vesicles in vivo
2019
Communication with the hematopoietic system is a vital component of regulating brain function in health and disease. Traditionally, the major routes considered for this neuroimmune communication are by individual molecules such as cytokines carried by blood, by neural transmission, or, in more severe pathologies, by the entry of peripheral immune cells into the brain. In addition, functional mRNA from peripheral blood can be directly transferred to neurons via extracellular vesicles (EVs), but the parameters that determine their uptake are unknown. Using varied animal models that stimulate neuronal activity by peripheral inflammation, optogenetics, and selective proteasome inhibition of dop…
Acamprosate blocks the increase in dopamine extracellular levels in nucleus accumbens evoked by chemical stimulation of the ventral hippocampus.
2003
Recently, we have shown that acamprosate is able to modulate extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and may act as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Neurochemical studies show that chemical stimulation (using NMDA) of the ventral subiculum (vSub) of the hippocampus produces robust and sustained increases in extracellular DA levels in the NAc, an effect mediated through ionotropic glutamate (iGlu) receptors. The present study examines whether acamprosate locally infused in the NAc of rats could block or attenuate the increase in NAc extracellular DA elicited by chemical stimulation (with 5 mM NMDA) of the ventral subiculum of the hippocampus. …
Different methods for anatomical targeting.
2003
AIM: Several procedures are used in the different neurosurgical centers in order to perform stereotactic surgery for movement disorders. At the moment no procedure can really be considered superior to the other. We contribute with our experience of targeting method. METHODS: Ten patients were selected, in accordance to the guidelines for the treatment of Parkinson disease, and operated by several methods including pallidotomy, bilateral insertion of chronic deep brain electrodes within the internal pallidum and in the subthalamic nucleus (18 procedures). Interventions: in each patient an MR scan was performed the day before surgery. Scans were performed axially parallel to the intercommissu…
Direct projections to the rat pineal gland via the stria medullaris thalami. An anterograde tracing study by use of horseradish peroxidase.
1986
The possible presence of a direct nervous projection from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus to the pineal gland of the rat was investigated by means of the anterograde neuron-tracing method using horseradish peroxidase. The tracer was injected unilaterally into the PVN and the animals were allowed to survive between 12 and 26 h. Numerous peroxidase-positive fibers were observed, ipsilateral to the injection site, in the stria medullaris thalami and could be followed into the medial habenular nucleus and the habenular commissure. From there, fibers penetrated into the deep pineal gland (lamina intercalaris), and further into the pineal stalk. These data support results of…
Is Transcranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Focused Ultrasound a Repeatable Treatment Option? Case Report of a Retreated Patient With Tremor Co…
2019
Introduction In recent years, transcranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging-guided Focused Ultrasound (tcMRgFUS) treatments for functional neurological disorders are giving a new thrust to the field of therapeutic brain lesioning. Objective To present the case of a patient affected by tremor combined with Parkinsonism who underwent a second tcMRgFUS thalamotomy because of relapsing tremor after a few months from the first tcMRgFUS treatment. Methods A 72-yr-old, right-handed man, came to our observation because of a disabling tremor affecting his upper limbs, refusing any invasive surgical procedure and already treated by tcMRgFUS left Vim thalamotomy. However, clinical benefit had brief duration…
The neuroprotective effect of lactate is not due to improved glutamate uptake after controlled cortical impact in rats.
2012
For many years lactate was considered to be a waste product of glycolysis. Data are accumulating that suggest that lactate is an important energy substrate for neurons during activation. In severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) glutamate release and ischemic cerebral blood flow (CBF) are major factors for a mismatch between energy demand and supply and for neuronal cell death. Although ATP and behavior could be improved by lactate treatment after TBI, no histological correlate nor any linkage to better astrocytic glutamate uptake or CBF as possible mechanisms have been described. We subjected male rats to a controlled cortical impact (CCI; 5 m/sec, 2.5 mm). To study the effects of lactate tre…
Acute intermittent nicotine treatment produces a reduction in the total number of FGF-2 immunoreactive astroglial cells in the substantia nigra of th…
2004
To understand the morphological substrate of the nicotine effect on nigral FGF-2 expression, a stereological analysis of FGF-2 immunoreactive neuronal and glial profiles has been performed in the substantia nigra of the rat after acute intermittent nicotine treatment. The major finding of this paper is the demonstration that this type of nicotine treatment produces a significant reduction in the total number of nuclear FGF-2 immunoreactive astroglial profiles in the substantia nigra. A parallel analysis of nigral FGF-1 and FGF-5 immunoreactivities showed no effect of this type of nicotine treatment. The results may be explained by an inhibition of FGF-2 synthesis in a subpopulation of nigra…
Temporal retrogasserian resection of trigeminal root versus controlled elective percutaneous electrocoagulation of the ganglion of gasser in the trea…
1972
In his experience with 531 surgical procedures for the relief of trigeminal neuralgia between 1955 to 1970, the author developed a strong preference for the percutaneous electro-coagulation of the gasserian ganglion. Although the method was repeatedly modified in the early years, a standardized technique of controlled, selective and fractional coagulation in the semiawake state of neurolept-anaesthesia was used since 1963 in 183 of his 311 patients, treated in this manner. The advantages of the method, particularly in comparison to open intracranial root sections, are: Minimal operative risk, control of operative effect during the operation, small sensibility deficit, low rate of complicati…
FDG-PET and CSF phospho-tau for prediction of cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment
2006
Specific patterns of cortical glucose metabolism disturbances and increased CSF phospho-tau (p-tau(181)) concentrations could be demonstrated to predict cognitive decline and shift to dementia in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). But comparisons of both diagnostic tools have not been undertaken so far. The aim of the study was to compare (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) findings and CSF phospho-tau (p-tau(181)) measurements in the prediction of cognitive deterioration and conversion to dementia in MCI. During follow-up (mean 19 months) eight of 16 patients (50%) showed progressive cognitive decline, and four patients shifted to dementia. Patholog…
Preoperative imaging findings in patients undergoing transcranial magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy
2021
AbstractThe prevalence and impact of imaging findings detected during screening procedures in patients undergoing transcranial MR-guided Focused Ultrasound (tcMRgFUS) thalamotomy for functional neurological disorders has not been assessed yet. This study included 90 patients who fully completed clinical and neuroradiological screenings for tcMRgFUS in a single-center. The presence and location of preoperative imaging findings that could impact the treatment were recorded and classified in three different groups according to their relevance for the eligibility and treatment planning. Furthermore, tcMRgFUS treatments were reviewed to evaluate the number of transducer elements turned off after…