Search results for "Stimulation"
showing 10 items of 2192 documents
Conditioned orienting (alpha) and delayed behavioral and evoked neural responses during classical conditioning
1989
A differentiation of short-latency (alpha) and long-latency (delayed) classically conditioned behavioral and evoked neural (hippocampal) responses was attempted. Further, facilitation and retardation of these responses were studied in an experimental design in which 10 paired conditioning sessions either preceded (CC-CO group) or followed (CO-CC group) 10 randomly unpaired presentations of conditioned stimuli (CS) and unconditioned stimuli (UCS). A 2024-ms tone (1000 Hz) was delivered directly through a miniature earphone to the left ear, eliciting an orienting head movement ('alpha' response) to the left. The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) was a direct 1024-ms stimulation of the lateral hypo…
A questionnaire to collect unintended effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation: A consensus based approach
2022
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely used in both clinical and research practice. However, TMS might induce unintended sensations and undesired effects as well as serious adverse effects. To date, no shared forms are available to report such unintended effects. This study aimed at developing a questionnaire enabling reporting of TMS unintended effects. A Delphi procedure was applied which allowed consensus among TMS experts. A steering committee nominated a number of experts to be involved in the Delphi procedure. Three rounds were conducted before reaching a consen-sus. Afterwards, the questionnaire was publicized on the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiolo…
Stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion in intractable cluster headache: expert consensus on patient selection and standards of care.
2014
Context and overview Chronic cluster headache (CCH) is a debilitating headache disorder with a significant impairment of the patients' lives. Within the past decade, various invasive neuromodulatory approaches have been proposed for the treatment of CCH refractory to standard preventive drug, but only very few randomized controlled studies exist in the field of neuromodulation for the treatment of drug-refractory headaches. Based on the prominent role of the cranial parasympathetic system in acute cluster headache attacks, high-frequency sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) stimulation has been shown to abort ongoing attacks in some patients in a first small study. As preventive effects of SPG-sti…
Different Brain Mechanisms Mediate Sensitivity to Sensory Consonance and Harmonic Context: Evidence from Auditory Event-Related Brain Potentials
2001
Abstract The goal of this study was to analyze the time-course of sensory (bottom-up) and cognitive (top-down) processes that govern musical harmonic expectancy. Eight-chord sequences were presented to 12 musicians and 12 nonmusicians. Expectations for the last chord were manipulated both at the sensory level (i.e., the last chord was sensory consonant or dissonant) and at the cognitive level (the harmonic function of the target was varied by manipulating the harmonic context built up by the first six chords of the sequence). Changes in the harmonic function of the target chord mainly modulate the amplitude of a positive component peaking around 300 msec (P3) after target onset, reflecting …
Does letter position coding depend on consonant/vowel status? Evidence with the masked priming technique
2008
Recently, a number of input coding schemes (e.g., SOLAR model, SERIOL model, open-bigram model, overlap model) have been proposed that capture the transposed-letter priming effect (i.e., faster response times for jugde-JUDGE than for jupte-JUDGE). In their current version, these coding schemes do not assume any processing differences between vowels and consonants. However, in a lexical decision task, Perea and Lupker (2004, JML; Lupker, Perea, & Davis, 2008, L&CP) reported that transposed-letter priming effects occurred for consonant transpositions but not for vowel transpositions. This finding poses a challenge for these recently proposed coding schemes. Here, we report four masked priming…
Auditory discrimination profiles of speech sound changes in 6-year-old children as determined with the multi-feature MMN paradigm.
2009
Objective: A linguistic multi-feature mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm with five types of changes (vowel, vowel-duration, consonant, frequency (F0), and intensity) in Finnish syllables was used to determine speech-sound discrimination in 17 normally-developing 6-year-old children. The MMNs for vowel and vowel-duration were also recorded in an oddball condition in order to compare the two paradigms. Similar MMNs in the two paradigms would suggest that they tap the same processes. This would promote the usefulness of the more time-efficient multi-feature paradigm for future studies in children. Methods: MMNs to five deviant types were recorded in the multi-feature paradigm in which these de…
Are Vowels and Consonants Processed Differently? Event-related Potential Evidence with a Delayed Letter Paradigm
2008
Abstract To investigate the neural bases of consonant and vowel processing, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants read words and pseudowords in a lexical decision task. The stimuli were displayed in three different conditions: (i) simultaneous presentation of all letters (baseline condition); (ii) presentation of all letters, except that two internal consonants were delayed for 50 msec (consonants-delayed condition); and (iii) presentation of all letters, except that two internal vowels were delayed for 50 msec (vowels-delayed condition). The behavioral results showed that, for words, response times in the consonants-delayed condition were longer than in the vowel…
Infants' brain responses for speech sound changes in fast multifeature MMN paradigm.
2013
Abstract Objective We investigated whether newborn speech-sound discrimination can be studied in 40min using fast multifeature mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm and do the results differ from those obtained with the traditional oddball paradigm. Methods Newborns' MMN responses to five types of changes (consonant identity, F0, intensity, vowel duration and vowel identity) were recorded in the multifeature group ( N =15) and vowel duration and vowel identity changes in the oddball group ( N =13), after which the MMNs from both groups were compared with each others. Results Statistically significant MMNs in the 190–600ms time range from the stimulus onset were found for most change types in b…
Altérations neuromusculaires induites par des exercices excentriques et concentriques fatigants : emphase sur le pédalage des membres inférieurs
2021
The influence of dynamic contraction type (concentric or eccentric) on performance fatigability and associated neuromuscular alterations is partly unknown. Contraction type interacts with other exercise features such as intensity (maximal; submaximal) or modality (single-joint; locomotor). Thus, we compared eccentric with concentric exercises of similar characteristics across three experimental studies. We showed that, for the completion of a given amount of mechanical work, both contraction types impaired maximal voluntary isometric torque similarly. However, neuromuscular impairments depended on exercise features. In study 1, maximal single-joint eccentric contractions affected neural but…
Analysis and control of the muscle force by electrostimulation
2019
Muscle reconditioning techniques have been developed extensively in these recent years as part of the reeducation of the atrophied muscle, but also to reinforce the healthy muscle of the sedentary or sportive subject. The monitoring of the stimulated muscle by recording the electrical activity and the muscle response is necessary to detect for example the muscle fatigue and/or avoid tissue damage in the case of deconditioned muscle. The aim of this thesis is initially to analyse the muscle response in terms of force produced as response to the electrostimulation (ES). This analysis has allowed us to develop a new force model that can predict the effect of the stimulation amplitude of the cu…