Search results for "Substitution"

NEW EU MEMBER COUNTRIES ARE PHASING OUT LABOR-INTENSIVE ACTIVITIES: AN ECONOMETRIC APPROACH

2012

This paper deals with the process of industrial development that has been unfolding in Central and East-European Countries during the last two decades, with special focus on changes in international specialization induced by successive shifts in comparative advantage. As it was to be expected, these advances have gradually improved the respective countries’ exports structure, the most important mutation residing in the gradual abandoning of subcontracting agreements – mostly confined to assembly-of-imported-inputs – and the expansion of the production of knowledge and human capital-intensive goods and services. European integration has most certainly been acting as a catalyst for this proce…

Chrześcijańska soteriologia w obliczu wyzwań rozumu krytycznego

2015

Effet de la substitution d'essence sur le fonctionnement et la durabilité des écosystèmes forestiers : l'apport des travaux pluridisciplinaires menés…

2007

National audience; Le site-atelier de Breuil (Morvan), appartenant à l’Observatoire de Recherche sur l’Environnement F-ORE-T, est un support opérationnel des travaux actuels sur les cycles biogéochimiques en relation avec la diversité biologique du sol. De nombreux projets multidisciplinaires sont en cours sur ce site dont l’objectif commun est d’améliorer les connaissances sur les effets physiques, chimiques et biologiques des substitutions d’essences. Des travaux y sont menés à différentes échelles temporelles et spatiales, de l’instantané au pluriannuel, du microsystème fonctionnel jusqu’à l’écosystème complet. Les travaux développés à Breuil depuis 2001, montrent que les essences ont af…

On the Substitutability between Paid-employment and Self-employment: Evidence from the Period 1969–2014 in the United States

2019

This paper provides estimates of the elasticity of substitution between operational and managerial jobs in the US economy during the years 1969–2014, derived from an aggregate CES production function. Estimating the long-term relationship between (the log of) the aggregate employment/self-employment ratio and (the log of) the returns from paid-employment relative to self-employment and testing for structural breaks, we report different estimates of the elasticity of substitution in each of the two regimes identified. To this end we apply the methodology on instability tests proposed in Kejriwal and Perron (2008, 2010) as well as the cointegration tests developed in Arai and Kurozumi (2007) …

A Simplified LCA Tool for Solar Heating and Cooling Systems

2016

Abstract This paper presents a user-friendly Life Cycle Assessment tool, which aims to support researchers, designers and decision-makers in evaluating the life cycle energy and environmental advantages related to the use of solar heating and cooling (SHC) systems in substitution of conventional ones, considering specific climatic conditions and building loads. The tool was developed within the Task 48 “Quality Assurance & Support Measures for Solar Cooling Systems”, promoted by the International Energy Agency in the framework of the SHC Programme.

Effect of Feed Protein : Lipid Ratio on Growth Parameters of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus after Fish Meal Substitution in the Diet with Bambara…

2017

Fishmeal (FM) was substituted with soybean meal (Glycine max) (SBM) and bambaranut meal (Voandzeia subterranea) (BNM) in 10 experimental African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, diets. Feed formulation was designed using mixture model. The inclusion level of the three protein ingredients varied between 0% and 60%. Remaining 40% comprised of basal ingredients kept constant for all 10 feeds. African catfish of average initial weight 35.2 ± 0.9 g were fed with one of the treatment diets for 28 days. The protein:lipid ratios of the diets (range 1.5–3.4:1) were used in evaluating the feed utilization and growth of the fish. We found that catfish performances were mainly depending on ingredients and …

Regulatory cytokine gene polymorphisms and risk of colorectal carcinoma.

2006

It is well established that cancer arises in chronically inflamed tissue, and this is particularly notable in the gastrointestinal tract. Classic examples include Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer. Growing evidence suggests that these associations might be not casual findings. Focusing on individual cytokines has generated evidence that anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) may have a complex role in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. As an example, IL-10-deficient mice develop severe atrophic gastritis and a chronic enterocolitis, develo…

Fe and Zn co-substituted beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP): Synthesis, structural, magnetic, mechanical and biological properties

2020

This work was supported by the European Social Fund under the No. 09.3.3- LMT-K-712 “Development of Competences of Scientists, other Researchers and Students through Practical Research Activities” measure. AK would like to express sincere gratitude for Fellowship administrated by The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). Fellow’s ID No.: L12546. Authors are grateful to R. Vargalis (Vilnius University) for taking SEM images. © 2020. This work is licensed under a CC BY-NC-ND license.

Reaction of 2-acetyltetralone with some esters of benzoic acid

1986

In order to investigate the pharmacological screening of a number of pyran-4-ones their synthesis by cyclization with sulphuric acid of the corresponding 1,3,5-triketones has been carried out with high yields. In the course of preparation of the latter the reaction of 2-acetyltetralone with some esters of benzoic acid derivatives has been studied and in particular, for a number of them, an interesting nucleophilic substitution of a chlorine atom with an alkoxy group on a benzenic nucleus has been evidenced.

ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2-Acetyltetralone with Some Esters of Benzoic Acid.

1987

In order to investigate the pharmacological screening of a number of pyran-4-ones their synthesis by cyclization with sulphuric acid of the corresponding 1,3,5-triketones has been carried out with high yields. In the course of preparation of the latter the reaction of 2-acetyltetralone with some esters of benzoic acid derivatives has been studied and in particular, for a number of them, an interesting nucleophilic substitution of a chlorine atom with an alkoxy group on a benzenic nucleus has been evidenced.