Search results for "Subtilisin"

showing 9 items of 29 documents

Modification of the proteolytic fragmentation pattern upon oxidation of cysteines from ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.

2003

The proteolytic susceptibility of the native CO 2 -fixing photosynthetic enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (EC 4.1.1.39, Rubisco) has been shown to increase in vitro after oxidative treatments that affect cysteine thiols. A limited incubation of oxidized (pretreated with the disulfide cystamine) Rubisco from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with subtilisin or proteinase K generated fragments of molecular mass about 53 kDa (band I in SDS-PAGE) and 47 kDa (band II) derived from the large subunit (55 kDa) of the enzyme. In contrast, proteolysis of the reduced Rubisco (pretreated with the free thiol cysteamine) produced only the 53 kDa band. The same fragmentation pattern was repr…

OxygenaseProtein subunitRibulose-Bisphosphate CarboxylaseMolecular Sequence DataBiochemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundEndopeptidasesAnimalsEuglena gracilisAmino Acid SequenceCysteineConserved SequenceRibulose 15-bisphosphatebiologyRibuloseHydrolysisfungiRuBisCOSubtilisinPeptide FragmentsKineticsProtein SubunitschemistryBiochemistryModels Chemicalbiology.proteinProtein quaternary structureHoloenzymesOxidation-ReductionProtein Processing Post-TranslationalChlamydomonas reinhardtiiCysteineBiochemistry
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Sequence of the M28 dsRNA: Preprotoxin Is Processed to an α/β Heterodimeric Protein Toxin

1995

The killer and immunity phenotypes of K28 killer strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are determined by the 1.75-kb M28 dsRNA virus. In the plus strand, M28p, the K28 preprotoxin gene, comprises bases 13-1047 and is followed, after an additional 85 bases, by a 63-bp poly(A) sequence and a 553-base 3'-sequence. This 3'-sequence contains two potential stem-loop structures predicted to bind the L-A encoded cap-pol protein, initiating encapsidation; high-level expression results in curing of M1 dsRNA. Expression of M28p confers the complete K28 killer and immunity phenotype on a cell lacking M28 dsRNA. K28 toxin is a disulfide-bonded heterodimer of alpha (10.5 kDa) and beta (11 kDa) components w…

Signal peptideDNA ComplementaryGlycosylationSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsGlycosylationMolecular Sequence DataMutantCarboxypeptidasesSaccharomyces cerevisiaeBiologymedicine.disease_causeCleavage (embryo)Fungal Proteinschemistry.chemical_compoundGene Expression Regulation FungalVirologyEndopeptidasesmedicineSecretionAmino Acid SequenceSubtilisinsGeneDNA PrimersRNA Double-StrandedBase SequenceToxinSerine EndopeptidasesMembrane ProteinsRNA FungalMycotoxinsMolecular biologyKiller Factors YeastRNA silencingchemistryProprotein ConvertasesProtein Processing Post-TranslationalVirology
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Regulation of the alpha-secretase ADAM10 by its prodomain and proprotein convertases.

2001

SPECIFIC AIMSTo identify the proprotein convertases responsible for maturation of the α-secretase ADAM10, we investigated the influence of PC7 and furin on ADAM10 processing and the resulting effect on amyloid precursor protein cleavage. We also examined the functional role of the ADAM10 prodomain by coexpression of a prodomain-deleted ADAM10 mutant together with its prodomain in trans.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS1. ADAM10 is proteolytically processed by PC7 and furinThe disintegrin metalloproteinase ADAM10 possesses α-secretase activity as well as a potential proprotein convertase recognition sequence (RKKR) after its prodomain. By amino-terminal sequencing of ADAM10 purified from bovine kidney plas…

animal structuresADAM10Blotting WesternKidneyTransfectionBiochemistryCell LineAmyloid beta-Protein PrecursorStructure-Activity RelationshipZymogenEndopeptidasesGeneticsAmyloid precursor proteinAnimalsAspartic Acid EndopeptidasesHumansSubtilisinsProtein PrecursorsMolecular BiologyFurinFurinbiologyChemistryProprotein convertaseEmbryo MammalianRecombinant ProteinsEnzyme ActivationBiochemistryAlpha secretaseMutagenesisbiology.proteinCattleAmyloid Precursor Protein SecretasesProprotein ConvertasesAmyloid precursor protein secretaseBiotechnologyFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
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Chemoselektive Fluoreszenzstudien am Subtilisin und “Thiosubtilisin”

1985

Chemoselective Fluorescence Studies with Subtilisin and “Thiosubtilisin” The serine hydroxy group in the active site of subtilisin is selectively “phosphylated”3). This is demonstrated using the fluorescent phosphinic fluoride 1. “Thiosubtilisin” does not react with 1 but with the SH-selective and fluorescent vinyl sulfone 2.

biologyStereochemistryfungiOrganic ChemistryHydroxy groupSubtilisinActive siteVinyl sulfoneFluorescenceSerineenzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates)chemistry.chemical_compoundchemistrybiology.proteinOrganic chemistryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryFluorideLiebigs Annalen der Chemie
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Immunohistochemical localization of the pro-peptide processing enzymes PC1/PC3 and PC2 in the human anal canal.

1997

Abstract HORsch, D., R. Day, N. G. Seidah, E. Weihe and M. K.-H. SchAFer. Immunohistochemical localization of the pro-peptide processing enzymes PC1/PC3 and PC2 in the human anal canal. Peptides 18(5) 755–760, 1997.—The distribution of prohormone/pro-peptide convertases PC1/PC3 and PC2 was investigated in the human anal canal by immunohistochemistry. Both prohormone convertases exhibited region-specific distribution patterns and were observed in neural and neuroendocrine cells and in nonneuroendocrine cellular elements. PC1/PC3 immunoreactivity was present in enteric neurons, subsets of nerve fibers, and neuroendocrine cells, and also in epithelial cells like intestinal stem cells, and a su…

endocrine systemPathologymedicine.medical_specialtyPhysiologyProhormoneNeuropeptideRectumAnal CanalBiologyBiochemistryImmunoenzyme TechniquesCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceEndocrinologymedicineChromograninsAspartic Acid EndopeptidasesHumansSubtilisinsAnal Transitional ZoneNeuronsNeuropeptidesAnal canalNeurosecretory SystemsEpitheliumNeoplasm Proteinsmedicine.anatomical_structureProprotein Convertase 2Fluorescent Antibody Technique DirectChromogranin AProprotein ConvertasesStem cellImmunostainingmedicine.drugPeptides
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Liraglutide Increases the Catabolism of Apolipoprotein B100–Containing Lipoproteins in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Reduces Proprotein Convertas…

2021

OBJECTIVE Dyslipidemia observed in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is atherogenic. Important features of diabetic dyslipidemia are increased levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and small dense LDL particles, which all have apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) as a major apolipoprotein. This prompted us to study the effect of the GLP-1 agonist liraglutide on the metabolism of apoB100-containing lipoproteins. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed an in vivo kinetic study with stable isotopes (L-[1-13C]leucine) in 10 patients with T2D before and after 6 months of treatment with liraglutide (1.2 mg/day). We also evaluated in mice the effect of liraglutide on the expression of genes involved in apoB100-…

medicine.medical_specialtyApolipoprotein BEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismLipoproteinsAdipose tissue030209 endocrinology & metabolismLipoproteins VLDL03 medical and health sciencesMice0302 clinical medicineInternal medicineInternal MedicinemedicineAnimalsHumans030212 general & internal medicineSubtilisinsAdvanced and Specialized NursingbiologyCatabolismLiraglutidebusiness.industryPCSK9Liraglutidemedicine.diseaseLipoproteins LDLEndocrinologyDiabetes Mellitus Type 2biology.proteinKexinProprotein Convertase 9businessRetinol-Binding Proteins PlasmaDyslipidemiamedicine.drugLipoprotein
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Future perspectives of the pharmacological management of diabetic dyslipidemia

2019

Introduction: Diabetic dyslipidemia is frequent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is characterized by an increase in triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and small-dense (atherogenic) particles, and by a decrease in low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 that are strongly related to insulin resistance. The increased flux of free fatty acids from adipose tissue to the liver aggravates hepatic insulin resistance and promotes all of aspects of the dyslipidemic state. Areas covered: Statins are the first-line agents for treatment while other lipid-lowering drugs (ezetimibe, fibrate and proprotein convertase…

medicine.medical_specialtyApolipoprotein Bmedicine.drug_classglucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA)Fibrate030226 pharmacology & pharmacystatins03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineInsulin resistanceEzetimibeInternal medicinemedicineHumansHypoglycemic AgentsPharmacology (medical)General Pharmacology Toxicology and PharmaceuticsOmega 3 fatty acidDyslipidemiasHypolipidemic Agentsfibratebiologybusiness.industrydyslipidemianutritional and metabolic diseasesType 2 Diabetes MellitusGeneral MedicineLipidmedicine.diseasesodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is)LipidsEndocrinologyDiabetes Mellitus Type 2Cardiovascular Diseases030220 oncology & carcinogenesisDipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is)Dietary Supplementsbiology.proteinKexinlipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsInsulin ResistancebusinessDyslipidemiamedicine.drugezetimibeproprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)
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Pragmatic Analysis of Dyslipidemia Involvement in Coronary Artery Disease: A Narrative Review

2020

Background: Dyslipidemia is the main factor involved in the occurrence and progression of coronary artery disease. Objective: The research strategy is aimed at analyzing new data on the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia involvement in coronary artery disease, the modalities of atherogenic risk estimation and therapeutic advances. Method: Scientific articles published in PubMed from January 2017 to February 2018 were searched using the terms "dyslipidemia" and "ischemic heart disease". Results: PCSK9 contributes to the increase in serum levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and lipoprotein (a). The inflammation is involved in the progression of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Hype…

medicine.medical_specialtyFamilial hypercholesterolemiaDiseaseCoronary Artery Disease030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyArticlestatinsCoronary artery disease03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineproprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9Risk FactorsInternal medicineHyperlipidemiamedicineHumans030212 general & internal medicinetriglyceridesCoronary atherosclerosisDyslipidemiasbusiness.industryPCSK9dyslipidemiaGeneral Medicinemedicine.diseaseCholesterolCardiologyArterial stiffnessCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicinebusinessDyslipidemiaCurrent Cardiology Reviews
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Statin intolerance: new data and further options for treatment

2021

Purpose of review Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Administration of statins represents the cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, with demonstrated long-term safety and efficacy. This review aims to revisit statin intolerance mechanisms, as well as to discuss new data and therapeutic options. Recent findings Although statins are well tolerated, myopathy and other adverse effects are a challenging problem, being the main reason for poor adherence to treatment and failure in lowering cardiovascular risk. Statin intolerance is the subject of ongoing research, as these drugs are widely used. There are alternative options o…

medicine.medical_specialtyStatinDosemedicine.drug_classHypercholesterolemiaDisease030204 cardiovascular system & hematology03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineEzetimibeHumansMedicinecardiovascular diseases030212 general & internal medicineRisk factorIntensive care medicineAdverse effectbusiness.industryCholesterolAnticholesteremic Agentsangiopoietin-like 3 protein inhibitors bempedoic acid ezetimibe proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibitors statin intolerance Cholesterol LDL Ezetimibe Humans Proprotein Convertase 9 Anticholesteremic Agents Cardiovascular Diseases Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Hypercholesterolemianutritional and metabolic diseasesCholesterol LDLEzetimibeRegimenchemistryCardiovascular Diseaseslipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsProprotein Convertase 9Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicinebusinessmedicine.drug
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