Search results for "Subunit"
showing 10 items of 513 documents
Functional regulation of HIF-1α under normoxia--is there more than post-translational regulation?
2011
The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is an oxygen-regulated transcriptional activator playing a pivotal role in mammalian physiology and disease pathogenesis, e.g., HIF-1 is indispensable in a broad range of developmental stages in different tumors. Its post-translational regulation via PHDs under the influence of hypoxia is widely investigated and accepted. Different non-hypoxic stimuli such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), thrombin, and angiotensin II (Ang II), have been proven to enhance HIF-1 levels through activation of regulative mechanisms distinct from protein stabilization. Some of these stimuli specifically regulate HIF-1α at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or translatio…
Large scale preparation of human MHC class II+ integrin beta(1)+ Tregs.
2010
Abstract The human CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + regulatory T cell population (Tregs) contains both MHC class II + and MHC class II − cells. MHC class II + Tregs belong to the integrin α 4 β 1 + subpopulation and exclusively execute contact-dependent suppressive activity. Here we present a method optimized for isolation of these MHC class II expressing Tregs from large leukaphereses products using magnetic microbeads that achieves a reproducible purity of more than 90% and enables the use of this small-sized Treg population in pre-clinical application and basic research.
Effectiveness of MF59-adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccine in preventing hospitalisations for cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and pne…
2007
Annual circulation of influenza virus coincides with a peak in cardiovascular and pneumonia mortality/morbidity. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of MF59-adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccine in preventing hospitalisation due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and pneumonia in the elderly. Three case-control studies were performed during the 2004-2005 influenza season in three health districts in Valencia, Spain (total elderly [>64 years of age] population: n=105,454). Controls were patients admitted for an acute surgical process or trauma within 10 days of case admission. In total, 159 patients were hospitalised for ACS, 148 for CVA and 242 for p…
A Functional Role of IκB-ε in Endothelial Cell Activation
2000
Abstract The NF-κB inhibitor IκB-ε is a new member of the IκB protein family, but its functional role in regulating NF-κB-mediated induction of adhesion molecule expression is unknown. In vascular endothelial cells, IκB-ε associates predominantly with the NF-κB subunit Rel A and to a lesser extent with c-Rel, whereas IκB-α and IκB-β associate with Rel A only. Following stimulation with TNF-α, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), N-acetylcysteine, and dexamethasone prevented IκB kinase-induced IκB-α, but not IκB-β or IκB-ε phosphorylation and degradation. Since the activation of NF-κB is required for the induction of adhesion molecule expression, we examined the role of IκB-ε in the transacti…
Short-Time Ocular Ischemia Induces Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Ganglion Cell Loss in the Pig Retina
2019
Visual impairment and blindness are often caused by retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We aimed to characterize a new model of I/R in pigs, in which the intraocular pathways were not manipulated by invasive methods on the ocular system. After 12 min of ischemia followed by 20 h of reperfusion, reactivity of retinal arterioles was measured in vitro by video microscopy. Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, quantification of neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer, and histological examination was performed. Retinal arterioles of I/R-treated pigs displayed marked attenuation in response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator, bradykinin, compared to sham-tre…
Peripherin-2 couples rhodopsin to the CNG channel in outer segments of rod photoreceptors.
2014
Outer segments (OS) of rod photoreceptors are cellular compartments specialized in the conversion of light into electrical signals. This process relies on the light-triggered change in the intracellular levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which in turn controls the activity of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels in the rod OS plasma membrane. The rod CNG channel is a macromolecular complex that in its core harbors the ion-conducting CNGA1 and CNGB1a subunits. To identify additional proteins of the complex that interact with the CNGB1a core subunit we applied affinity purification of mouse retinal proteins followed by mass spectrometry. In combination with in vitro and in viv…
The complete set of ribosomal proteins from the marine sponge Suberites domuncula
2005
The siliceous marine sponge Suberites domuncula is a member of the most ancient and simplest extant phylum of multicellular animals-Porifera, which have branched off first from the common ancestor of all Metazoa. We have determined primary structures of 79 ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) from S. domuncula: 32 proteins from the small ribosomal subunit and 47 proteins from the large ribosomal subunit. Only L39 and L41 polypeptides (51 and 25 residues long in rat, respectively) are missing. The sponge S. domuncula is, after nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and insect Drosophila melanogaster the third representative of invertebrates with known amino acid sequences of all r-proteins. The comparis…
B subunits of cholera toxin and thermolabile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli have similar adjuvant effect as whole molecules on rotavirus 2/6-VLP spe…
2015
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adjuvant effect of the B subunits of cholera toxin (CT) and the thermolabile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT) by the intrarectal route of immunization and compare them to the whole molecules CT and LT-R192G, a non toxic mutant of LT, using 2/6-VLP as an antigen, in mice. All molecules induced similar antigen specific antibody titers in serum and feces, whereas different T cell profiles were observed. CTB and LTB, conversely to CT and LT-R192G, did not induce detectable production of IL-2 by antigen specific T cells. Moreover, CTB, conversely to LT-R192G, CT and LTB, did not induce antigen specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3- and Foxp3+ T cells, thus sho…
Inhibition of VEGF expression through blockade of Hif1a and STAT3 signalling mediates the anti-angiogenic effect of melatonin in HepG2 liver cancer c…
2013
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth relies on angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release. Hypoxia within tumour environment leads to intracellular stabilisation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (Hif1α) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3). Melatonin induces apoptosis in HCC, and shows anti-angiogenic features in several tumours. In this study, we used human HepG2 liver cancer cells as an in vitro model to investigate the anti-angiogenic effects of melatonin. Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with melatonin under normoxic or CoCl2-induced hypoxia. Gene expression was analysed by RT–qPCR and western blot. Melatonin-induced anti-…
miR-20b modulates VEGF expression by targeting HIF-1 alpha and STAT3 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
2010
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of different genes, including genes involved in cancer progression. A functional link between hypoxia, a key feature of the tumor microenvironment, and miRNA expression has been documented. We investigated whether and how miR-20b can regulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells under normoxic and hypoxia-mimicking conditions (CoCl(2) exposure). Using immunoblotting, ELISA, and quantitative real-time PCR, we demonstrated that miR-20b decreased VEGF protein levels at 4 and 24 h following CoCl(2) treatment, and VEGF mRNA at 4 h of treatment. In addition, miR-20b reduce…