Search results for "Subunit"
showing 10 items of 513 documents
Insufficient generation of Th17 cells in IL-23p19-deficient BALB/c mice protects against progressive cutaneous leishmaniasis
2017
Healing of leishmaniasis-a parasitic skin disease-is associated with high levels of secreted interferon (IFN)γ and IL-12 in resistant C57BL/6 mice and humans. Susceptible BALB/c mice predominantly react with a Th17/Th2/Treg-related immune response and finally succumb to infection. Previously, we showed that BALB/c IL-17A-/- mice are protected against Leishmania (L.) major infections, indicating that IL-17A-predominantly produced by Th17 cells-plays an important role for disease outcome. We now investigated DC-derived cytokines and finally identified IL-23p19 as key cytokine responsible for induction of Leishmania-specific Th17 cells that play an important role for progressive disease in sus…
MiR675-5p Acts on HIF-1α to Sustain Hypoxic Responses: A New Therapeutic Strategy for Glioma
2016
Hypoxia is a common feature in solid tumours. In glioma, it is considered the major driving force for tumour angiogenesis and correlates with enhanced resistance to conventional therapies, increased invasiveness and a poor prognosis for patients. Here we describe, for the first time, that miR675-5p, embedded in hypoxia-induced long non-coding RNA H19, plays a mandatory role in establishing a hypoxic response and in promoting hypoxia-mediated angiogenesis. We demonstrated, in vitro and in vivo, that miR675-5p over expression in normoxia is sufficient to induce a hypoxic moreover, miR675-5p depletion in low oxygen conditions, drastically abolishes hypoxic responses including angiogenesis. In …
HSP60 activity on human bronchial epithelial cells
2017
HSP60 has been implicated in chronic inflammatory disease pathogenesis, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the mechanisms by which this chaperonin would act are poorly understood. A number of studies suggest a role for extracellular HSP60, since it can be secreted from cells and bind Toll-like receptors; however, the effects of this stimulation have never been extensively studied. We investigated the effects (pro- or anti-inflammatory) of HSP60 in human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE) alone and in comparison with oxidative, inflammatory, or bacterial challenges. 16-HBE cells were cultured for 1–4 h in the absence or presence of HSP60, H2O2, lipopolysaccharide (…
alpha 2-COP is involved in early secretory traffic in Arabidopsis and is required for plant growth
2017
[EN] COP (coat protein) I-coated vesicles mediate intra-Golgi transport and retrograde transport from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum. These vesicles form through the action of the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) and the COPI heptameric protein complex (coatomer), which consists of seven subunits (alpha-, beta-, beta' -, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and xi-COP). In contrast to mammals and yeast, several isoforms for coatomer subunits, with the exception of gamma and delta, have been identified in Arabidopsis. To understand the role of COPI proteins in plant biology, we have identified and characterized a loss-of-function mutant of alpha 2-COP, an Arabidopsis alpha-COP isofo…
More than a pore: How voltage-gated calcium channels act on different levels of neuronal communication regulation.
2021
ABSTRACT Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) represent key regulators of the calcium influx through the plasma membrane of excitable cells, like neurons. Activated by the depolarization of the membrane, the opening of VGCCs induces very transient and local changes in the intracellular calcium concentration, known as calcium nanodomains, that in turn trigger calcium-dependent signaling cascades and the release of chemical neurotransmitters. Based on their central importance as concierges of excitation-secretion coupling and therefore neuronal communication, VGCCs have been studied in multiple aspects of neuronal function and malfunction. However, studies on molecular interaction partners …
Structural and Functional Characterization of Autophosphorylation in Bacterial Histidine Kinases
2019
Autophosphorylation of histidine kinases (HK) is the first step for signal transduction in bacterial two-component signalling systems. As HKs dimerize, the His residue is phosphorylated in cis or trans depending on whether the ATP molecule used in the reaction is bound to the same or the neighboring subunit, respectively. The cis or trans autophosphorylation results from an alternative directionality in the connection between helices α1 and α2 in the HK DHp domain, in such a way that α2 could be oriented almost 90° counterclockwise or clockwise with respect to α1. Sequence and length variability of this connection appears to lie behind the different directionality and is implicated in partn…
Characterization of crustacyanin-A2 subunit as a component of the organic matrix of gastroliths from the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus.
2009
AbstractLike the lobsters, some terrestrial crabs and other crayfishes, the Australian red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, elaborates in its stomach wall calcium storage structures called gastroliths. For understanding the cyclic elaboration and stabilization of these amorphous calcified structures, we studied the organic matrix (OM) of these paired biomineralizations. After decalcification with acetic acid, we analysed the proteinaceous components of an acetic acid-insoluble fraction by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Nine spots were digested by trpsin and the tryptic peptides were sequenced by nanoLC-nanoESI-MS/MS mass spectrometry. About 100 peptidic sequences were compared to se…
Conversion of the Ca2+-ATPase from Rhodospirillum rubrum into a Mg2+-dependent enzyme by 1,N6-etheno ATP
1980
Nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis of R.rubrum ATPase complexes can be changed from Ca2+-dependence to Mg2+-dependence by replacing ATP with 1,N6-etheno ATP. Four ATPase complexes which have been prepared by different procedures hydrolyze ATP and 1,N6-etheno ATP at different rates in dependence on the added metal ions. These differences allow an easy distinction of the various enzyme forms.
Structural and Dynamic Properties of the Homodimeric Hemoglobin from Scapharca inaequivalvis Thr-72→Ile Mutant: Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Low Te…
1998
AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations, low temperature visible absorption spectroscopy, and resonance Raman spectroscopy have been performed on a mutant of the Scapharca inaequivalvis homodimeric hemoglobin, where residue threonine 72, at the subunit interface, has been substituted by isoleucine. Molecular dynamics simulation indicates that in the Thr-72→Ile mutant several residues that have been shown to play a role in ligand binding fluctuate around orientations and distances similar to those observed in the x-ray structure of the CO derivative of the native hemoglobin, although the overall structure remains in the T state. Visible absorption spectroscopy data indicate that in the deoxy …
CNGB3 mutations account for 50% of all cases with autosomal recessive achromatopsia
2005
Contains fulltext : 47591.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Achromatopsia is a congenital, autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by a lack of color discrimination, low visual acuity (<0.2), photophobia, and nystagmus. Mutations in the genes for CNGA3, CNGB3, and GNAT2 have been associated with this disorder. Here, we analyzed the spectrum and prevalence of CNGB3 gene mutations in a cohort of 341 independent patients with achromatopsia. In 163 patients, CNGB3 mutations could be identified. A total of 105 achromats carried apparent homozygous mutations, 44 were compound (double) heterozygotes, and 14 patients had only a single mutant allele. The derived CNGB3 mutatio…