Search results for "Surgery"
showing 10 items of 18739 documents
Visual Contrast Modulates Operant Learning Responses in Larval Zebrafish.
2018
The larval zebrafish is a promising vertebrate model organism to study neural mechanisms underlying learning and memory due to its small brain and rich behavioral repertoire. Here, we report on a high-throughput operant conditioning system for zebrafish larvae, which can simultaneously train 12 fish to associate a visual conditioned pattern with electroshocks. We find that the learning responses can be enhanced by the visual contrast, not the spatial features of the conditioned patterns, highlighted by several behavioral metrics. By further characterizing the learning curves as well as memory extinction, we demonstrate that the percentage of learners and the memory length increase as the co…
(A,B) In vivo GCaMP6f signals recorded in layers M1, M5 and M9/10 of Mi1 (A) and Tm3 (B) neurons, before (blue, green) and after (gray, red) applicat…
2019
Sensory systems sequentially extract increasingly complex features. ON and OFF pathways, for example, encode increases or decreases of a stimulus from a common input. This ON/OFF pathway split is thought to occur at individual synaptic connections through a sign-inverting synapse in one of the pathways. Here, we show that ON selectivity is a multisynaptic process in the Drosophila visual system. A pharmacogenetics approach demonstrates that both glutamatergic inhibition through GluClα and GABAergic inhibition through Rdl mediate ON responses. Although neurons postsynaptic to the glutamatergic ON pathway input L1 lose all responses in GluClα mutants, they are resistant to a cell-type-specifi…
Anatomic and functional follow-up of patients with an idiopathic epiretinal membrane and a preserved visual acuity
2013
Purpose: To determine the anatomic and functional retinal modifications in patients with an idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) and a preserved visual acuity (VA).Methods: Monocentric, prospective study in 24 eyes of 24 patients with an ERM and a VA better than 20/25. Recorded data were best corrected VA on ETDRS scale, retinal anatomic lesions on spectral-domain OCT, retinal sensitivities on microperimetry and macular and foveal thicknesses at 0 and 6 months.Results: At inclusion, mean VA was 84 ± 5 letters, mean macular sensitivity was 14.0 ± 1.4 decibels (dB) and mean foveal sensitivity was 14,4 ± 1,5 dB. Mean macular thickness was 351 ± 34 µm and mean foveal thickness was 348 ± 66 µm. …
Positive Effects of Videogame Use on Visuospatial Competencies: The Impact of Visualization Style in Preadolescents and Adolescents
2019
Use of videogames (VGs) is almost ubiquitous in preadolescents' and adolescents' everyday life. One of the most intriguing research topics about positive effects of VG use is about the domain of visuospatial competencies. Previous research show that training with videogames enables children and adolescents to improve their scores in visuospatial tests (such as mental rotation of shapes and cubes), and that such training could overcome gender differences in these domains. Our study aimed at (1) verifying the positive effects of videogame use in the visuospatial domain both for male and female adolescents and preadolescents and (2) verifying whether the visualization style (2D or isometric 3D…
Scleral Buckling: A Review of Clinical Aspects and Current Concepts
2021
Scleral buckling represents a valuable treatment option for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair. The surgery is based on two main principles: the closure of retinal breaks and the creation of a long-lasting chorioretinal adhesion. Buckles are placed onto the sclera with the purpose of sealing retinal breaks. Cryopexy is usually performed to ensure a long-lasting chorioretinal adhesion. Clinical outcomes of scleral buckling have been shown to be more favorable in phakic eyes with uncomplicated or medium complexity retinal detachment, yielding better anatomical and functional results compared with vitrectomy. Several complications have been described following scleral buckling surgery, s…
Empathy, Entrainment, and Perceived Interaction in Complex Dyadic Dance Movement
2019
The current study explores how individuals' tendency to empathize with others (trait empathy) modulates interaction and social entrainment in dyadic dance in a free movement context using perceptual and computationally derived measures. Stimuli consisting of 24 point-light animations were created using motion capture data selected from a sample of 99 dyads, based on self-reported trait empathy. Individuals whose Empathy Quotient (EQ) scores were in the top or bottom quartile of all scores were considered to have high or low empathy, respectively, and twelve dyads comprised of four high-high, four low-low, and four high-low empathy combinations were identified. Animations of these dyads were…
We Shape Our Tools, and Thereafter Our Tools Shape Us
2017
The current and incoming editors in chief present the articles of this current issue of Human Technology. Additionally, they discuss the human component of recent technological macrotrends and the journal’s editorial interests in responding to and exploring them. During Editor in Chief Pertti Hurme’s 3-year term, research reflecting a wide range of topics has been published in Human Technology. This online journal, proudly open-access since its beginning, and will continue to invite innovative and interesting manuscripts for open-access publishing under its new editor in chief, Jukka Jouhki.
Prescription opioid use and employment : A nationwide Finnish register study
2021
Background: The secular decline in labor market participation and the concurrent increase in opioid use in many developed countries have sparked a policy debate on the possible connection between these two trends. We examined whether the use of prescription opioids was connected to labor market outcomes relating to participation, employment and unemployment among the Finnish population. Methods: The working-age population (aged 19–64 years) living in Finland during the period 1995–2016 was used in the analyses (consisting of 67 903 701 person-year observations). Lagged values of prescription opioid use per capita were used as the exposure. Instrumental variables (IV) estimation method was u…
The causal representation of outpatients with Crohn's disease: is there a link between psychological distress and clinical disease activity?
2013
Objectives: Because of the fluctuating and occasional character of Crohn’s disease (CD), patients have to cope with a changeable condition of health. Personal perceived control is known to be an important element of adaptation to their medical condition. The objectives of this work are to determine if perceived personal control is predictive of the clinical activity of the disease and of psychological distress (depression, anxiety). Methods: The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), the causal dimension scale and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI; assessing perceived severity) were administered to 160 patients affected by Crohn’s disease. Indicators of inflammation (CRP), disease dura…
Multifactorial Assessment of Risk of Falling in 753 Post-Menopausal Women: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study by the Italian Group for the Study of …
2020
Giovanni Iolascon,1 Alessandro de Sire,1– 3 Dario Calafiore,1,4 Maria Grazia Benedetti,5 Carlo Cisari,2,6 Giulia Letizia Mauro,7 Silvia Migliaccio,8 Ranuccio Nuti,9 Giuseppina Resmini,10 Stefano Gonnelli,9 Antimo Moretti1 1Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy; 2Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy; 3Rehabilitation Unit, “Mons L. Novarese” Hospital, Vercelli, Moncrivello, Italy; 4Section of Neuromotor Rehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, ASST Ca…