Search results for "Surveillance"
showing 10 items of 494 documents
The role of a monthly active surveillance programme for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in a neonatal intensive care unit: impact evaluati…
2020
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a public health threat. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) patients are particularly at risk, due to the large use of invasive devices and antimicrobial treatment. Since 2014 an active surveillance program of multidrug-resistant organisms is in place in the five NICUs of Palermo, Italy. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) carriage observed in one NICU suggested the need of a long-lasting approach to achieve effective control of MDR-GNB circulation. Materials/methods: Rectal swabs were obtained every month from each hospitalized new-born. Samples were enriched in liquid cultures, plated in McConkey Agar with three a…
PREVENTION OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS AND SURVEILLANCE OF EMERGING RESISTANCES IN A NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (NICU): A SIX-YEAR PROSPECTIVE COHORT …
2016
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS, EMERGING RESISTANCES SURVEILLANCE, NICU
Surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug-resistant Gram-negatives and fungi colonization in the Neonatal Intensive Care…
2015
Introduction Multidrug-resistant organisms are a serious public health problem, particularly in critical hospital wards such as the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Hospitalized neonates are at high risk for healthcare-associated infections leading to higher morbidity and mortality rates, because of their poor immune defences, frequent exposure to antibiotics, invasive procedures and contacts with healthcare-workers. Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Gram-negatives (MDRGNs) and fungi in the five NICUs of the city of Palermo. Methods From February 2014 to January 2015, an active surveill…
Protocols for the health surveillance | Protocolli per la sorveglianza sanitaria dei lavoratori della pesca
2013
Obiettivo. Definire i protocolli per la sorveglianza sanitaria dei lavoratori della pesca marittima per specifico fattore di rischio occupazionale, tenendo in considerazione le conoscenze scientifiche più avanzate. Materiali e metodi. È stata analizzata la letteratura specifica per individuare i fattori di rischio occupazionali cui sono esposti i lavoratori della pesca. Quindi per fattore di rischio sono stati definiti i protocolli per gli accertamenti sanitari e per la loro periodicità. Risultati e discussione. I fattori di rischio cui sono esposti i lavoratori della pesca sono essenzialmente rumore, vibrazioni, radiazioni solari e ultraviolette, agenti climatici (caldo, freddo, vento, pio…
Valutazione dei rischi e sorveglianza sanitaria in ottica di genere: proposta di strumenti operativi
2017
Applicare appieno i principi del gender main-streaming, in accordo alle indicazioni della Comunità Europea, alla tutela della salute e sicurezza nei luoghi di lavoro significa in pratica rivedere tutti gli aspetti della prevenzione sotto l'ottica di genere, vale a dire tenendo in considerazione le differenze di sesso e di genere tra lavoratori e lavoratrici non solo come determinanti della salute, ma ancor più nel caso specifico come determinanti del rischio. In questo passaggio evolutivo il ruolo del medico competente è particolarmente importante. In questo lavoro vengono proposti alcuni strumenti operativi che possono concretamente implementare l'ottica di genere nei diversi ambiti della …
Gli algoritmi della politica
2020
This pamphlet focuses on the uses and abuses of algorithms in politics, i. e. in the control and orientation of public opinion and private political opinion in occasion of polls and elections.
Epidemiology of intensive care unit-acquired sepsis in Italy: Results of the SPIN-UTI network
2018
Background. Sepsis is the major cause of mortality from any infectious disease worldwide. Sepsis may be the result of a healthcare associated infection (HAI): the most frequent adverse events during care delivery especially in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The main aim of the present study was to describe the epidemiology of ICU-acquired sepsis and related outcomes among patients enrolled in the framework of the Italian Nosocomial Infections Surveillance in ICUs - SPIN-UTI project. Study design. Prospective multicenter study. Methods. The SPIN-UTI network adopted the European protocols for patient-based HAI surveillance. Results. During the five editions of the SPIN-UTI project, from 2008 to…
Airway obstruction in relation to symptoms in chronic respiratory disease—a nationally representative population study
2000
Abstract We examined the severity of airway obstruction and the occurrence of respiratory symptoms in a large, nationally representative population sample and in a subgroup of subjects with chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema to obtain information for developing national prevention and treatment strategies for these diseases. The study population comprised of 7217 randomly selected subjects (aged 30 years and older) who participated in a comprehensive health examination survey. The ‘cases' were subjects diagnosed as having chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. The survey methods comprised of questionnaires, interviews, physical measurements, including spirometry, and clinical examinations. I…
Pandemetrics: systematically assessing, monitoring, and controlling the evolution of a pandemic
2022
AbstractThe still ongoing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease, affecting the population worldwide, has demonstrated the need of more accurate methodologies for assessing, monitoring, and controlling an outbreak of such devastating proportions. Authoritative attempts have been made in traditional fields of medicine (epidemiology, virology, infectiology) to address these shortcomings, mainly by relying on mathematical and statistical modeling. However, here, we propose approaching the methodological work from a different, and to some extent alternative, standpoint. Applied systematically, the concepts and tools of statistical engineering and quality management, developed not onl…
Bayesian hierarchical Poisson models with a hidden Markov structure for the detection of influenza epidemic outbreaks
2015
Considerable effort has been devoted to the development of statistical algorithms for the automated monitoring of influenza surveillance data. In this article, we introduce a framework of models for the early detection of the onset of an influenza epidemic which is applicable to different kinds of surveillance data. In particular, the process of the observed cases is modelled via a Bayesian Hierarchical Poisson model in which the intensity parameter is a function of the incidence rate. The key point is to consider this incidence rate as a normal distribution in which both parameters (mean and variance) are modelled differently, depending on whether the system is in an epidemic or non-epide…