Search results for "Synthetic"
showing 10 items of 723 documents
Monitoring Water Surface and Level of a Reservoir Using Different Remote Sensing Approaches and Comparison with Dam Displacements Evaluated via GNSS
2018
Remote sensing allowed monitoring the reservoir water level by estimating its surface extension. Surface extension has been estimated using different approaches, employing both optical (Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+ SLC-Off, Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS and ASTER images) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images (Cosmo SkyMed and TerraSAR-X). Images were characterized by different acquisition modes, geometric and spectral resolutions, allowing the evaluation of alternative and/or complementary techniques. For each kind of image, two techniques have been tested: The first based on an unsupervised classification and suitable to automate the process, the second based on visual matching with contour lines…
Improvement in MRS parameter estimation by joint and laterally constrained inversion of MRS and TEM data
2012
We developed a new scheme for joint and laterally constrained inversion (LCI) of magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) data and transient electromagnetic (TEM) data, which greatly improves the estimation of the MRS model parameters. During the last few decades, electrical and electromagnetic methods have been widely used for groundwater investigation, but they suffer from some inherent limitations; for example, equivalent layer sequences. Furthermore, the water content information is only empirically correlated to resistivity of the formation. MRS is a noninvasive geophysical technique that directly quantifies the water content distribution from surface measurements. The resistivity informatio…
Detection and localisation of disulphide bonds in a synthetic peptide reproducing the sequence 1-30 of Par j 1.0101 by electrospray ionisation mass s…
2001
The structural characterisation of a synthetic peptide reproducing the sequence 1–30 of Par j 1.0101, a major allergenic protein present in the pollen of Parietaria judaica, by combined use of chemical and enzymatic cleavage, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), is described. Direct ESI-MS of the synthetic peptide after reaction with methyl iodide showed that the product is a mixture of two peptides: one form in which two out of the four cysteine residues present in the sequence are oxidised and a minor amount of another form in which all the cysteines are fully reduced. It was ascertained, using the combined…
Ground motion phenomena in Caltanissetta (Italy) investigated by InSAR and geological data integration
2008
Urban areas are frequently affected by ground instabilities of various origins. The location of urban zones affected by ground instability phenomena is crucially important for hazard mitigation policies. Satellite-based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has demonstrated its remarkable capability to detect and quantify ground and building motion in urban areas, especially since the development of Advanced Differential Interferometric SAR techniques (A-DInSAR). In fact, the high density of re.ectors like buildings and infrastructures in urban areas improves the quality of the InSAR signal, allowing sub-centimetric displacements to be reliably detected. The A-DInSAR techniques a…
GEOV1: LAI, FAPAR essential climate variables and FCOVER global time series capitalizing over existing products. Part 2: Validation and intercomparis…
2013
International audience; This paper describes the scientific validation of the first version of global biophysical products (i.e., leaf area index, fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation and fraction of vegetation cover), namely GEOV1, developed in the framework of the geoland-2/BioPar core mapping service at 1 km spatial resolution and 10-days temporal frequency. The strategy follows the recommendations of the CEOS/WGCV Land Product Validation for LAI global products validation. Several criteria of performance were evaluated, including continuity, spatial and temporal consistency, dynamic range of retrievals, statistical analysis per biome type, precision and accuracy. The…
Individualized Tumor Therapy: Biomarkers and Possibilities for Targeted Therapy with Natural Products
2014
Although many tumors respond to chemotherapy, not all patients benefit from anticancer drugs. Tumors often develop resistance to drugs and concentrations sufficient to eradicate the cancer cannot be used due to the severe side effects of chemotherapy. In the present chapter, we give an overview of research on biomarkers with prognostic and predictive value and summarize our own efforts in this context. With a battery of biomarkers and corresponding synthetic and natural targeted drugs, it is likely that custom-tailored combination treatments will soon become a reality and that each individual cancer patient will be treated based on his or her individual molecular tumor architecture.
Energy status and its control on embryogenesis of legumes: ATP distribution within Vicia faba embryos is developmentally regulated and correlated wit…
2003
To analyse the energy status of Vicia faba embryos in relation to differentiation processes, we measured ATP concentrations directly in cryosections using a quantitative bioluminescence-based imaging technique. This method provides a quantitative picture of the ATP distribution close to the in vivo situation. ATP concentrations were always highest within the axis. In pre-storage cotyledons, the level was low, but it increased strongly in the course of further development, starting from the abaxial region of cotyledons and moving towards the interior. Greening pattern, chlorophyll distribution and photosynthetic O2 production within embryos temporally and spatially corresponded to the ATP di…
Synthesis and characterization of nanomaterial based on halloysite and hectorite clay minerals covalently bridged
2021
Halloysite is an aluminosilicate clay with a predominantly hollow tubular structure (HNTs) able to act as a nanocontainer for the encapsulation of several chemicals. However, HNTs possess low affinity for metal ions in their pristine form and they need to be modified for improving their adsorption capabilities. Therefore, to overcome this issue herein we report a straightforward approach for the covalent modification of the external surface of halloysite nanotubes with hectorite clay. Compared to halloysite, hectorite possesses a lamellar structure with higher cation exchange capacity. The covalent linkage between the two clays was verified by several techniques (FTIR spectroscopy, 13C CP-M…
Linking chlorophyll a fluorescence to photosynthesis for remote sensing applications: mechanisms and challenges
2014
Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) has been used for decades to study the organization, functioning, and physiology of photosynthesis at the leaf and subcellular levels. ChlF is now measurable from remote sensing platforms. This provides a new optical means to track photosynthesis and gross primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Importantly, the spatiotemporal and methodological context of the new applications is dramatically different compared with most of the available ChlF literature, which raises a number of important considerations. Although we have a good mechanistic understanding of the processes that control the ChlF signal over the short term, the seasonal link between ChlF…
Artificial Biosystems by Printing Biology
2020
The continuous progress of printing technologies over the past 20 years has fueled the development of a plethora of applications in materials sciences, flexible electronics, and biotechnologies. More recently, printing methodologies have started up to explore the world of Artificial Biology, offering new paradigms in the direct assembly of Artificial Biosystems (small condensates, compartments, networks, tissues, and organs) by mimicking the result of the evolution of living systems and also by redesigning natural biological systems, taking inspiration from them. This recent progress is reported in terms of a new field here defined as Printing Biology, resulting from the intersection betwee…