Search results for "TAM"
showing 10 items of 11664 documents
The impact of fermentation processes on the production, retention and bioavailability of carotenoids: An overview
2020
Abstract Background Carotenoids are isoprenoids compounds widely distributed in foods. A difference of carotenoids relative to other food bioactives is that some can be converted into compounds exhibiting vitamin A activity, which is essential for humans. Besides, they are more versatile as they are also natural pigments, antioxidants and can be involved in health-promoting actions. Lately, they are also attracting interest in relation to skin beauty. Their importance for different industry sector (foods, feeds, pharmaceutical, cosmetics) is therefore indisputable. Carotenoids can be obtained by different approaches including extraction from appropriate sources or synthesis. Scope and appro…
Vitamin A Deficiency and the Lung.
2018
Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) is a fat-soluble micronutrient which together with its natural derivatives and synthetic analogues constitutes the group of retinoids. They are involved in a wide range of physiological processes such as embryonic development, vision, immunity and cellular differentiation and proliferation. Retinoic acid (RA) is the main active form of vitamin A and multiple genes respond to RA signalling through transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a remarkable public health problem. An adequate vitamin A intake is required in early lung development, alveolar formation, tissue maintenance and regeneration. In fact, chronic VAD has b…
Rescue of Hypovitaminosis A Induces Non-Amyloidogenic Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Processing.
2015
Retinoic acid, the bioactive metabolite of beta-carotene or vitamin A, plays a pleiotropic, multifunctional role in vertebrate development. Studies in rodents revealed that a diet deficient in vitamin A results in a complex neonatal syndrome (the VAD syndrome), manifested in many organs. In humans, the function of retinoic acid (RA) extends into adulthood, where it has important roles in fertility, vision, and suppression of neoplastic growth. In recent years, it has also been suggested that retinoic acid might potentially act as a therapeutically relevant drug in attenuating or even preventing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report that VAD leads to an…
Vitamin D receptor gene ApaI and FokI polymorphisms and its association with inflammation and oxidative stress in vitamin D sufficient Caucasian Span…
2021
Background Vitamin D has gone from being just one vitamin to being an important prohormone with multiple effects on different tissue types. The mechanism of action of the active form or calcitriol is mediated by the intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR). The interaction of the VDR with calcitriol modulates the expression of target genes involved in cell proliferation and cytokine production. Several studies have explored the effects of vitamin D deficiency in inflammatory disorders. Furthermore, some mutations in the VDR can affect its functionality. The focus of this study was to explore associations between VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and markers of inflammation and oxidat…
Long-term vitamin D treatment decreases human uterine leiomyoma size in a xenograft animal model
2019
Objective To study the effects of short- and long-term vitamin D treatment on uterine leiomyomas in vivo through cell proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and apoptosis. Design Preclinical study of human leiomyoma treatment with vitamin D in an nonhuman animal model. Setting Hospital and university laboratories. Patient(s)/Animal(s) Human leiomyomas were collected from patients and implanted in ovariectomized NOD-SCID mice. Intervention(s) Mice were treated with vitamin D (0.5 μg/kg/d or 1 μg/kg/d) or vehicle for 21 or 60 days. Main Outcome Measure(s) Vitamin D effect in xenograft tissue was assessed by monitoring tumor size (18F-FDG positron-emission tomography/computeriz…
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Health
2021
The principal source of vitamin D in humans is its biosynthesis in the skin through a chemical reaction dependent on sun exposure. In lesser amounts, the vitamin can be obtained from the diet, mostly from fatty fish, fish liver oil and mushrooms. Individuals with vitamin D deficiency, defined as a serum level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/dl, should be supplemented. Vitamin D deficiency is a prevalent global problem caused mainly by low exposure to sunlight. The main role of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D is the maintenance of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. However, vitamin D receptors are found in most human cells and tissues, indicating many extra-skeletal effects of the vitamin, particula…
Vitamin D3 affects innate immune status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.)
2017
The effects of vitamin D3 dietary administration on certain innate immune parameters on the expression of immune-related genes in head-kidney (HK) and gut were investigated in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. Vitamin D3 (vD3) was orally administered to fish in a commercial pellet food supplemented with 0 (control); 3750; 18,750; or 37,500 U kg−1. Furthermore, gut histology was considered. This study showed a modulation in the activities examined in fish fed with the addition of vD3. After just 2 weeks of administration, diet supplementation with the vitamin resulted in increased phagocytic ability, while serum peroxidase content was increased in fish fed with all experimental diets a…
Role of Vitamin A in Mammary Gland Development and Lactation
2019
Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol), its active derivatives retinal and retinoic acid, and their synthetic analogues constitute the group of retinoids. It is obtained from diet either as preformed vitamin A or as carotenoids. Retinal plays a biological role in vision, but most of the effects of vitamin A are exerted by retinoic acid, which binds to nuclear receptors and regulates gene transcription. Vitamin A deficiency is an important nutritional problem, particularly in the developing world. Retinol and carotenoids from diet during pregnancy and lactation influence their concentration in breast milk, which is important in the long term, not only for the offspring, but also for maternal health. …
Effects of innovative and conventional sanitizing treatments on the reduction of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera defects on industrial durum wheat bread
2016
Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Hyphopichia burtonii and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera are spoilage yeasts causing chalk mold defects on sliced bread packaged under modified atmosphere. The first objective of this study, carried out in a bread-making company for two consecutive years, was to genetically identify yeasts isolated from spoiled sliced bread in Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) and to determine the dominant species among identified strains. The second objective was to evaluate the effects of hydrogen peroxide and silver solution 12% (HPS) treatment in the leavening cells and cooling chambers, in comparison with the conventional Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) fumigating treatment, on the inc…
A new fear in wine: Isolation of Staphylococcus epidermidis histamine producer
2016
Abstract Biogenic amines (BAs) are undesirable compounds in all foods and beverages because they may induce food-borne intoxications when consumed at high concentrations. The aim of this study was to identify the organism responsible for the synthesis of histamine in a Tempranillo red wine from Ribera de Duero D.O. (Denomination of origin), Spain. Bacteria present in wines after malolactic fermentation were isolated, identified and typed. Four strains of the species Oenococcus oeni and two strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis were found. None of the O. oeni strains produced histamine, cadaverine or putrescine, but one of the S. epidermidis strains (Pa) was able to produce all three in synt…