Search results for "TOXICITY"

Inulin Derivatives Obtained <i>Via</i> Enhanced Microwave Synthesis for Nucleic Acid Based Drug Delivery

2015

A new class of therapeutic agents with a high potential for the treatment of different socially relevant human diseases is represented by Nucleic Acid Based Drugs (NABD), including small interfering RNAs (siRNA), decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (decoy ODN) and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). Although NABD can be engineered to be specifically directed against virtually any target, their susceptibility to nuclease degradation and the difficulty of delivery into target tissues severely limit their use in clinical practice and require the development of an appropriate nanostructured delivery system. For delivery of NABD, Inulin (Inu), a natural, water soluble and biocompatible polysaccharide, wa…

Cadmium induced metallothionein in hepatopancreas of Procambarus clarkii: Quantification by a silver-saturation method

1993

Abstract 1. Cadmium induced metallothionein (MT) in crayfish hepatopancreas was measured by silver-saturation method. 2. An increase in MT content was recorded in crayfish hepatopancreas after 12 hr of exposure to 10 mg Cd/l. 3. There was found to be a linear relationship between MT concentrations in hepatopancreas and cadmium concentration in the water. 4. MT levels in hepatopancreas of 20 mg Cd/l exposed crayfish were 7-fold higher than those in control animals.

Prediction of Aquatic Toxicity of Benzene Derivatives to Tetrahymena pyriformis According to OECD Principles

2016

Background: Many QSAR studies have been developed to predict acute toxicity over several biomarkers like Pimephales promelas, Daphnia magna and Tetrahymena pyriformis. Regardless of the progress made in this field there are still some gaps to be resolved such as the prediction of aquatic toxicity over the protozoan T. pyriformis still lack a QSAR study focused in accomplish the OECD principles. Methods: Atom-based quadratic indices are used to obtain quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for the prediction of aquatic toxicity. Our models agree with the principles required by the OECD for QSAR models to regulatory purposes. The database employed consists of 392 substitut…

Pharmacological Study of Santolina chamaecyparissus. I. Acute Toxicity, Antiinflammatory and Antiulcer Activity

1986

Analgesic and central depressor effects of the dichloromethanol extract fromSchinus molle L.

1997

The analgesic and central depressor effects of the dichloromethanol extract of Schinus molle L. were analysed in in vivo models. This extract showed low acute toxicity, CNS depressor activity and analgesic effect. Following further fractionation, the hexane/dichloromethane (75/25) fraction showed the most interesting results. Thus, this fraction caused a total inhibition of motor activity and significantly reduced the threshold of pain to chemical stimulus. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A New Aromatic Compound from the Stem Bark of Terminalia catappa

2015

A new aromatic compound 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-1- O-(4-sulfo)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), in addition to two triterpenoid saponins (chebuloside II, arjunoglucoside II), two triterpenes (arjunolic acid and 3-betulinic acid) and sitosterol-3- O-β-D-glucopyranoside have been isolated from the barks of Terminalia catappa. Their structures have been established on the basis of spectroscopic techniques (1D/2D NMR) and MS. Their cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity, together with the antioxidant capacity of compound 1 were also evaluated.

Cytotoxicity of some Cameroonian spices and selected medicinal plant extracts

2011

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Several medicinal plants and spices are used traditionally to treat cancers in Cameroon. Aim Methanol extracts from thirty-four spices and plants, with related ethnobotanical use were investigated for their in vitro cytotoxicity on the human pancreatic cancer cell line MiaPaCa-2, leukemia CCRF-CEM cells and their multidrug resistant (MDR) subline CEM/ADR5000, and the normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition the anti-angiogenic properties of the most active extracts were investigated. Material and methods The MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay was used for cyto…

Cytotoxic Bufadienolides from the Leaves of Melianthus major

2020

Melianthus major is a medicinal plant endemic to South Africa. Its leaf extract led to the isolation of five new bufadienolides, 2β-acetoxy-3,5-di-O-acetylhellebrigenin (1), 2β-acetoxy-3-O-acetylhellebrigenin (2), 2β-acetoxy-14-deoxy-15β,16β-epoxymelianthugenin (4), 2β-acetoxy-14-deoxy-15β,16β-epoxymelianthusigenin (5), and 2β-hydroxymelianthusigenin (6), and four known analogues. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using NMR and HRESIMS data analyses. The relative configurations were defined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and NOESY correlations. The isolated compounds exhibited strong cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and sensitive CCRF-CEM and multidrug-r…

Pharmacological screening of the methanol and dichloromethanol extracts ofGenista patens

1995

The pharmacological effects of the dichloromethanol and methanol extracts obtained from leaves and stems of Genista patens DC were analysed in in vitro and in vivo models. Both extracts showed low acute toxicity (LD 50 >3 g/kg), CNS depressor and antiinflammatory activity, and similar analgesic effect in models of chemical and thermal stimulation. Furthermore, the dichloromethanol extract (1-20 mg/kg) induced a pronounced dose-dependent decrease on blood pressure. On isolated organs, the dichloromethanol extract (1, 10, 100 μg/mL) shifted the concentration-effect curve to the right for ACh and reduced the E max induced by histamine without modifying responses induced by noradrenaline and se…

A pharmacological study ofAraujia sericifera B. extracts in rodents

1995

The present study analyses the pharmacological activity in in vitro and in vivo models of different extracts obtained from Araujia sericifera. The hexane extract of fruits lacked toxicity, but exhibited an analgesic effect in models of chemical and thermal stimulation. Such an extract was the only one which exhibited antiinflammatory actions. The intrinsic effect on arterial blood pressure was biphasic: at low doses it significantly increased blood pressure, whereas at high doses it exerted the opposite effect. On isolated organs it produced a marked decrease in the maximum effect of histamine and acetylcholine. The dichloromethanol extract of fruits decreased arterial pressure and the maxi…