Search results for "TRADE"
showing 10 items of 1475 documents
Inhibitory effects of N-acetylcysteine on superoxide anion generation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
1997
Abstract It has been suggested that reactive oxygen species released by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in man is one mechanism of tissue injury. Therapeutic action aimed at increasing antioxidant defence mechanisms is still a clinical challenge. This study examines the activity of N-acetylcysteine, a known antioxidant, in the protection of PMN exposed in-vitro to the chemoattractant peptide fMet-Leu-Phe (FMLP), the protein kinase C activator phorbol myristate acetate or the lipid peroxidation promoter t-butyl hydroperoxide. FMLP (3–300 nm) and phorbol myristate acetate (160 pm–160 nm) induced concentration-related superoxide anion generation. Pre-treatment with N-acetylcystein…
Effect of selected triterpenoids on chronic dermal inflammation.
1997
The activity of four natural triterpenoids on a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate multiple-dose model of skin chronic inflammation was studied. Erythrodiol and ursolic acid were significantly effective. The most important features concerning structure-activity relationship and previous data on the effect of these triterpenoids on other inflammatory conditions are discussed.
Zanhasaponins A and B, Antiphospholipase A2 Saponins from an Antiinflammatory Extract of Zanha africana Root Bark
1997
A MeOH extract from Z. africana was examined for topical antiinflammatory activity and proved to be active against arachidonic acid (AA) acute edema, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced chronic inflammation, and oxazolone delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice. The extract also showed significant inhibitory activity of Naja naja phospholipase A2 when a polarographic method was used. Two oleanane-type triterpene saponins, zanhasaponins A (1) and B (2), and the cyclitol pinitol (4), isolated from the extract, were active as inhibitors of PLA2. A further saponin, zanhasaponin C (3) was inactive in this assay.
Different response of TH1 cells for stimulation with anti-CD3 antibodies.
1990
In this report, evidence is provided for a further subdivision of CD4+ T helper cell lines. The earlier definition of the TH1 and TH2 subtypes was confirmed by their differential response to interleukin (IL) 1. An additional subdivision of the TH1 subset was revealed when TH1 cell lines were costimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies and IL2. The IL2-induced proliferation of three of the resulting TH1 lines was blocked by anti-CD3 antibodies. By contrast, no such block was observed in a fourth TH1 cell line. In all four lines anti-CD3 triggering caused production of IL2. The block of proliferation was reversed neither by antigen-presenting cells nor by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a protein …
A new dual inhibitor of arachidonate metabolism isolated from Helichrysum italicum.
2003
Six acetophenones (1-6) and one gamma-pyrone (7), previously isolated from Helichrysum italicum, were tested for their ability to inhibit enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation, the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycryl-hydrazyl free radical, superoxide scavenging and arachidonic acid metabolism. In addition, they were studied in different experimental models such as the chronic inflammation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), the phospholipase A(2)-induced mouse paw oedema test, the carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema test, and the writhing induced by acetic acid in the mouse. Of the assayed compounds, only 1 inhibited enzymatic lipid peroxidation but had no effect on no…
The Influence of American Economists on the Clayton and Federal Trade Commission Acts
2011
The aim of this paper is to analyze American economists’ influence in the passing of the Clayton and Federal Trade Commission Acts (1914). Specifically, it is argued and documented that American economists were important in this process in two ways. Many economists exercised an “indirect” influence by discussing in academic journals and books problems concerning trusts, combinations, and the necessary measures to preserve the working of competitive markets. At least as importantly, if not more so, some economists took an active role in the reform movement both contributing to draft proposals for the amendment of existing antitrust legislation and providing help and advice during the Congres…
Comercio protohistórico: el registro del Nordeste peninsular y la circulación de mineral de plomo en Ibiza y el Bajo Priorato (Tarragona)
2012
[ES] Los estudios que hemos venido realizando indican que el plomo de la cuenca minera del Bajo Priorato (Tarragona) circula en el ámbito fenicio-tartesio. Sin embargo, los análisis realizados sobre un conjunto de muestras minerales y metálicas de la isla de Ibiza ponen de manifiesto la explotación de la galena argentífera local, cuyo uso coexiste en el yacimiento de sa Caleta con el mineral de Cartagena; no se documenta, en cambio, plomo de procedencia prioratina. Si sumamos a ello los datos relativos a las evidencias que aportan los registros cerámicos ibicencos y catalanes de los ss. VII a VI a.n.e., se va trazando un panorama que pone en evidencia la existencia de una pluralidad de rede…
HISPANIC HOARDS FROM ALVARELHOS TO TOMARES: A HISTORICAL REVIEW
2020
With this contribution we would like offer a first and brief approximation about the Hispanic Coin Hoards, roughly dated between the reigns of Augustus and the end of the Tetrarchy. We will focus solely on the imperial hoards found in the Iberian Peninsula. In a chained, diachronic and casuistic way, we offer an analysis according to a series of variables: historical events, archaeological context, pattern of hoarding and functionality. For the data collection, in the present chapter we do not intend to be exhaustive. We will cite the most outstanding examples of Hispanic-Roman Hoarding, in order to understanding the historical-economic evolution from Iberian Peninsula.With this contributio…
Strength of pre-Roman amphorae: Comparison of the different types
2015
Abstract Given that amphorae were used for storage or for long and/or short distance transport, they must have been able to retain their content and, at the same time, be able to resist important load during transport. This paper concerns aspects of the techno-functionality of pre-Roman Iberian amphorae. The basic performance requirement concerned here is the mechanical strength (transverse rupture strength: TRS). Strength is related to the adequacy for storage or short and/or long distance transport that, up to now, is only assessed by typological identification or archaeological evidence. Experimental implementation on actual archaeological material has confirmed that strength increased w…
Producción, comunicación, comercio y moneda en la Lusitania romana: el caso de la villa romana de Clavellinas (Torremejía, Badajoz)
2015
Las obras de la A-66 (Autovía de Extremadura) descubrieron un gran número de yacimientos arqueológicos que fueron excavados y documentados en su totalidad. La Villa Romana de Clavellinas es uno de estos ejemplos. Excavada entre junio del 2001 y enero de 2002, aportó gran número de estructuras y de restos materiales, suficientes para considerarla como un centro productivo rural romano. A su vez, también se documentaron un gran número de monedas con una cronología del siglo I d.C. al IV d.C. La catalogación de estas monedas y la valoración conjunta de todos los elementos exhumados nos permiten aproximarnos a la economía rural de la Lusitania Romana. When the A- 66 (Silver highway) was build, …