Search results for "TRANSPLANTATION"
showing 10 items of 2019 documents
Free-Floating Mesothelial Cells in Pleural Fluid After Lung Surgery
2018
Objectives: The mesothelium, the surface layer of the heart, lung, bowel, liver and tunica vaginalis, is a complex tissue implicated in organ-specific diseases and regenerative biology; however, the mechanism of mesothelial repair after surgical injury is unknown. Previous observations indicated seeding of denuded mesothelium by free-floating mesothelial cells may contribute to mesothelial healing. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of mesothelial cells in pleural fluid during the 7 days following pulmonary surgery. Study design: Flow cytometry was employed to study pleural fluid of 45 patients after lung resection or transplantation. We used histologically validated mesothelial …
MiR-675-5p supports hypoxia induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cells
2017
// Viviana Costa 1, * , Alessia Lo Dico 2, * , Aroldo Rizzo 3 , Francesca Rajata 3 , Marco Tripodi 4, 5 , Riccardo Alessandro 6, 7, * , Alice Conigliaro 4, * 1 Innovative Technological Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Palermo, Italy 2 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy 3 Unita Operativa di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Palermo, Italy 4 Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy 5 National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy 6 Dipartimen…
Applying lessons learned from cytomegalovirus infection in transplant patients to vaccine design
2015
Studies in transplant recipients over the past decade aiming to characterize the immune response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication have provided insights that can be used to guide CMV vaccine development. These studies have characterized multiple aspects of the immune response to virus infection in humans, and have identified immunologic variables that correlate with the ability to control virus replication. These findings can be used to guide vaccine development by informing decisions regarding antigen selection and the type of immune response that must be elicited by these antigens to promote protective immunity. In addition, these studies have provided information that could aid in th…
A conditional inducible JAK2V617F transgenic mouse model reveals myeloproliferative disease that is reversible upon switching off transgene expressio…
2019
Aberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway is thought to be the critical event in the pathogenesis of the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. The most frequent genetic alteration in these pathologies is the activating JAK2V617F mutation, and expression of the mutant gene in mouse models was shown to cause a phenotype resembling the human diseases. Given the body of genetic evidence, it has come as a sobering finding that JAK inhibitor therapy only modestly suppresses the JAK2V617F allele burden, despite showing clear benefits in terms of reducing splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms in patients. To gain a better …
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Glycometabolism and Liver Regeneration in the Treatment of Post-hepatectomy Liver Failure
2019
Background The mortality rate of post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) remains very high, and liver transplantation is the only effective treatment regimen for PHLF. Cell transplantation is a potential treatment for liver diseases. Previous studies have proved that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory functions. In the present study, we found that MSCs promoted glycogen synthesis and liver regeneration in the treatment of PHLF. MSC transplantation also improved the survival rate of rats after 90% partial hepatectomy (PH). In our current study, we aimed to determine the efficacy and mechanism of MSC transplantation in the treatment of PHLF. Methods Mesenchymal stem cells were …
Outcome of liver transplantation for hepatopulmonary syndrome: a Eurotransplant experience.
2019
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a pulmonary vascular complication of liver disease that affects up to 30% of patients with cirrhosis [1]. Intrapulmonary vascular dilatations and shunts result in gas exchange abnormalities, ranging from elevated alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients with no hypoxemia to very severe hypoxemia [1, 2]. Currently, liver transplantation (LT) is the only treatment option [3]. The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) is a scoring system for assessing liver disease severity that has been validated to predict the 3-months waitlist mortality, and is used by Eurotransplant for prioritising allocation of liver transplants [4]. Footnotes This manuscript has recently b…
Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Human Umbilical Cord: a Close-up on Immunomodulatory Molecules Featured In Situ and In Vitro
2019
Therapeutic options for end-stage organ failure are often limited to whole organ transplantation. The tolerance or rejection of the transplanted organ is driven by both early non-specific innate and specific adaptive responses. The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is considered a promising tool in regenerative medicine. Human umbilical cord (HUC) is an easily available source of MSCs, without relevant ethical issues. Moreover, Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs), showed consistent immunomodulatory features that may be useful to promote immune tolerance in the host after transplantation. Few data are available on the phenotype of WJ-MSCs in situ. We investigated the expression of i…
Immunomodulatory effects of stem cells: Therapeutic option for neurodegenerative disorders.
2017
Stem cells have the capability of self-renewal and can differentiate into different cell types that might be used in regenerative medicine. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) currently lack effective treatments. Although stem cell therapy is still on the way from bench to bedside, we consider that it might provide new hope for patients suffering with neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we will give an overview of recent studies on the potential therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent…
Gut microbiota and cancer: How gut microbiota modulates activity, efficacy and toxicity of antitumoral therapy
2019
Gut microbiota is involved in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Also, it modulates the activity, efficacy and toxicity of several chemotherapy agents, such as gemcitabine, cyclophosphamide, irinotecan, cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil, and target therapy, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. More recently, accumulating data suggest that the composition of gut microbiota may also affect efficacy and toxicity of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, the manipulation of gut microbiota through antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics or fecal transplantation has been investigating with the aim to improve efficacy and mitigate toxicity of anticancer drugs.
Trial Design and Endpoints in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: AASLD Consensus Conference
2020
Proper trial design is critical for the success of clinical investigations. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex disease that has several unique properties. In 2008, after the approval of sorafenib, a panel of experts proposed guidelines for trial design and endpoints in HCC that have been instrumental during the last decade and provided a framework to allow an homogeneous analysis of reported investigations. Since then, several phase III studies have been reported and novel challenges have emerged. A panel of experts conveyed by AASLD organized a Special Topic Conference on trial design and endpoints to address those emerging challenges. This review summarizes the analysis and concl…