Search results for "TRIZ"
showing 10 items of 343 documents
Aseasonal sheep and goat milk production in the Mediterranean area: Physiological and technical insights
2015
Abstract Aseasonal or out-of-season milk production for small ruminants raised in Mediterranean areas refers generally to milk having to be produced at a time that corresponds to summer which is when conditions are generally unfavourable with respect to both physiological aspects and nutritional factors related to seasonal climatic trends. In fact, sheep and goat milk production in the Mediterranean basin is mostly based on pasture utilization and thus follows the pasture availability pattern. This causes a strong seasonal pattern to the amount of milk processed by cheese processes plants, with the peak being in the spring, a marked reduction in early summer and nil or low availability of m…
Feeding and management techniques to favour summer sheep milk and cheese production in the Mediterranean environment
2015
Sheep milk production in summer can lead to a diversification of milk products and to a more regular product distribution in the market throughout the year. However, in Mediterranean countries small ruminant production cycles are subjected to seasonal variations in forage resources. During summer, a key period for out of season production systems, nutrition plays a fundamental role in regulating the quantity and quality of milk production. In this review, feeding strategies and techniques that could be applied for out of season production in dairy ewes under different Mediterranean conditions are described for intensive, pasture-based and mixed systems. The most common feeding strategies us…
Un messinese del XV secolo: Tommaso Crisafi, arcivescovo francescano della nobiltà cittadina,
2007
Nell’impatto con la nuova realtà che si veniva a profilare alla fine del XIV secolo, la presenza dei Martini nell’isola, la città dello Stretto si era mostrata lungimirante rispetto a Palermo e Catania che, nel tentativo di difendere la propria autonomia, disperdevano le loro energie. La classe dirigente messinese, il patriziato urbano, colte invece sin dall’inizio le possibilità che potevano aprirsi e accolti gli aragonesi, metteva in atto una “politica di piccoli passi”. Tra le famiglie della nobiltà cittadina si distinguono i Crisafi che, grazie alle capacità professionali e a una lunga militanza a fianco dei re aragonesi, riescono a ricoprire prestigiose cariche (Tommaso Crisafi quella …
Microbial diversity of traditional Sicilian cheeses
2017
Traditional Sicilian cheeses are manufactured in small size farms with raw milk from animals of indigenous breeds and without the addition of starter cultures. In order to transform milk into cheese, the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is required. The main sources of desirable LAB are generally the milk, the rennet, the equipment used during processing and the dairy environment. In the last years, the microbial characterisation of traditional Sicilian cheeses, such as Caciocavallo Palermitano, Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Pecorino Siciliano and PDO Vastedda della valle del Belìce have been the object of different studies conducted by our research group. To this purpose, the…
Effect of refrigerated storage on microbiological, chemical and sensory characteristics of a ewes’ raw milk stretched cheese
2017
This study aimed to describe the effects of refrigerated storage up to 180 days on microbiological, chemical, physical, and sensory characteristics of a PDO ewes’ raw milk stretched cheese. To this aim, a total of 224 cheeses were manufactured in four consecutive production weeks, and series of 32 of them were examined before packaging and after 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 d of storage at 4 ± 2 °C in the dark, respectively. Lactic acid bacteria cocci displayed the highest levels (7.8 Log CFU*g−1) during early storage and decreased progressively over time (7.4 Log CFU*g−1), while the opposite trend was observed for lactic acid bacteria rods (from 6.5 to 7.3 Log CFU*g−1). TMC and enterocci s…
Asymmetric Synthesis of Spirocyclic β-Lactams through Copper-Catalyzed Kinugasa/Michael Domino Reactions
2018
The first copper-catalyzed highly chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective Kinugasa/Michael domino reaction for the desymmetrization of prochiral cyclohexadienones is described. In the presence of a chiral copper catalyst, alkyne-tethered cyclohexadienones couple with nitrones to generate the chiral spirocyclic lactams with excellent stereoselectivity (up to 97 % ee, >20:1 dr). The new method provides direct access to versatile highly functionalized spirocyclic β-lactams possessing four contiguous stereocenters, including one quaternary and one tetra-substituted stereocenter.
Recent Advances in Enantioselective Desymmetrizations of Prochiral Oxetanes
2021
Abstract Strain relief of oxetanes offers a plethora of opportunities for the synthesis of chiral alcohols and ethers. In this context, enantioselective desymmetrization has been identified as a powerful tool to construct molecular complexity and this has led to the development of elegant strategies on the basis of transition metal, Lewis acid, and Brønsted acid catalysis. This review highlights recent examples that harness the inherent reactivity of prochiral oxetanes and offers an outlook on the immense possibilities for synthetic application.
Lipid composition and metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) fed diets containing wheat gluten and legumes meals as substitutes fo…
2013
The role of dietary protein source on growth performance and lipid metabolism in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was investigated, by the evaluation of fat content in different tissues, plasma metabolites, liver lipogenic activity and fatty acid composition of dorsal muscle tissue.Five isonitrogenous (490gkg-1crude protein dry-matter basis) and isolipidic (170gkg-1lipid dry-matter basis) diets with graded levels of wheat gluten, soybean and pea meal in substitution of fish meal were evaluated in European sea bass (initial body weight 23.9±0.1) for 96days. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in dorsal muscle and liver lipid contents. Plasma glucose and cholesterol levels …
Asymmetric Intramolecular Aza-Michael Reaction in Desymmetrization Processes. Total Synthesis of Hippodamine and epi-Hippodamine
2015
The use of chiral sulfinyl amines both as nucleophilic nitrogen sources and chiral inducers has been described for the first time in a desymmetrization-type process involving an intramolecular aza-Michael reaction. The resulting product was employed as an advanced intermediate in the total synthesis of the natural product hippodamine and epi-hippodamine, taking advantage of the special symmetry of these molecules. In addition, this is the first asymmetric total synthesis of epi-hippodamine.
Sharp estimates for eigenfunctions of a Neumann problem
2009
In this paper we provide some bounds for the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded domain Ω of R^n. To this aim we use the so-called symmetrization techniques and the obtained estimates are asymptotically sharp, at least in the bidimensional case, when the isoperimetric constant relative to Ω goes to 0.