Search results for "Tissues"

The gliotransmitter ACBP controls feeding and energy homeostasis via the melanocortin system

2019

International audience; Glial cells have emerged as key players in the central control of energy balance and etiology of obesity. Astrocytes play a central role in neural communication via the release of gliotransmitters. Acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP)-derived endozepines are secreted peptides that modulate the GABAA receptor. In the hypothalamus, ACBP is enriched in arcuate nucleus (ARC) astrocytes, ependymocytes and tanycytes. Central administration of the endozepine octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) reduces feeding and improves glucose tolerance, yet the contribution of endogenous ACBP in energy homeostasis is unknown. We demonstrated that ACBP deletion in GFAP+ astrocytes, but not in Nkx2.1-l…

The neural networks underlying the liking and wanting responses to food odors are modified in bulimia nervosa

2015

The neural networks underlying the liking and wanting responses to food odors are modified in bulimia nervosa. 25. Congress of the european chemoreception research organisation (ECRO)

Modulation of free-flight response in Drosophila

2014

Do Stretch Durations Affect Muscle Mechanical and Neurophysiological Properties?

2016

International audience; The aim of the study was to determine whether stretching durations influence acute changes of mechanical and neurophysiological properties of plantar flexor muscles. Plantar flexors of 10 active males were stretched in passive conditions on an isokinetic dynamometer. Different durations of static stretching were tested in 5 randomly ordered experimental trials (1, 2, 3, 4 and 10×30-s). Fascicle stiffness index, evoked contractile properties and spinal excitability (Hmax/Mmax) were examined before (PRE), immediately after (POST0) and 5 min after (POST5) stretching. No stretch duration effect was recorded for any variable. Moreover, whatever the stretching duration, st…

Exploration of neuronal and glial plasticity in the melanocortin system at the meal in a mouse model.

2017

In 2015, Nature published the largest pangenomic association study to date linking genetic variants to body mass index. This study highlighted the role of the central nervous system in vulnerability to obesity and supports an original concept that cerebral plasticity plays an important role in the control of energy balance. Thus, reduced cerebral plasticity capacities could lead to inadequate dietary behaviors, which would increase the risk of weight gain under caloric pressure. The anorectic neurons POMC and the orexigenic neurons AgRP of the melanocortin system, which control the energy balance, actually show synaptic plasticity properties in the adult brain. These phenomena are shown in …

Expression of claudin-5, claudin-7 and occludin in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their clinico-pathological significance

2015

Background: Claudin and occludin are the important tight junctions protein in human. The downregulation or upregulation of claudins and occludin might have a role in cancer development. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of claudin-5, claudin-7 and occludin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and their relationships with the prognostically-related clinico-pathologic features. Material and Methods: Standard indirect immunohistochemical technique using anti-claudin-5, anti-claudin-7 and anti-occludin was performed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 66 OSCC samples from Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University. The positive cases were div…

Gustatory evoked potentials activity and fatty taste

2015

International audience; Introduction: Gustatory evoked potentials (GEP), detected in response to an intermittent stimulation of the gustatory receptors by a primary flavor, are a reliable and safe record of the human gustatory function. We previously highlighted the modifications of GEP in response to saccharose stimulation by the concentration of the saccharose solution and its hedonic sensation. Fatty taste might be considered as the sixth primary flavor. We aimed to demonstrate that GEP in response to fatty taste stimulation do exist, and to compare these GEP with the GEP in response to saccharose and salty taste.Methods: Healthy and voluntary male subjects were included. Each subject un…

Role of polysialic acid (PSA) in the control of food intake and body weight

2013

Hypothalamus plays a major role in the regulation of energy homeostasis by the presence of neural circuits controlling food intake. These circuits are plastic and can be rewired during adulthood. We hypothesized that synaptic plasticity can occur during physiological conditions. We have shown that synaptic contact on hypothalamic anorexigen POMC neurons are rewired in mouse upon high fat diet (HFD). This synaptic process is mandatory to adjust energy intake and requires the glycan PSA (polysialic acid). PSA promotes synaptic plasticity in the brain by the weakening of cell-to-cell interaction by addition on NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule). We hypothesized that a defect in brain synapti…

Consequences of a high sugar/high fat maternal diet on protein expression in young rat salivary glands

2015

Introduction: Early nutrition through maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding was shown to have an impact on obesity in childhood. Experiments on animal models have also indicated alterations regarding taste preferences. In addition, salivary physiology has a documented role in taste preferences and food intake in rodents. The objective of this study was therefore to study the impact of maternal diet on salivary glands’ protein profiles of the offspring.Materials and methods: Female rats received during gestation and lactation either a control (C) or a high fat / high sugar diet (WD for “Western Diet”). 18 offspring rats (9C/9WD) were sacrificed at 25 days of age, i.e. shortly afte…

Submicrometer in-plane integrated surface plasmon cavities.

2007

International audience; The optical properties of in-plane integrated surface plasmon polariton (SPP) cavities comprised of a thin film area sandwiched between two one-dimensional Bragg SPP mirrors are investigated numerically and experimentally. We discuss the resonance condition of these cavities, and we analyze in details the physical origin of the dispersion of this resonance. On the basis of numerical results, we show that in-plane SPP cavities can be used to achieve local SPP field enhancement and antireflecting SPP layers. The numerical results are compared to near-field optical images recorded by operating a photon scanning tunneling microscope. From the near-field images recorded o…