Search results for "Tomography"
showing 10 items of 2332 documents
Imaging correlates of behavioral impairments: An experimental PET study in the rat pilocarpine epilepsy model
2018
Abstract Psychiatric comorbidities are prevalent in patients with epilepsy and greatly contribute to the overall burden of disease. The availability of reliable biomarkers to diagnose epilepsy-associated comorbidities would allow for effective treatment and improved disease management. Due to their non-invasive nature, molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) are ideal tools to measure pathologic changes. In the current study we investigated the potential of [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy- d -glucose ([18F]FDG) and 2′-methoxyphenyl-(N-2′-pyridinyl)-p-18F-fluoro-benzamidoethylpiperazine ([18F]MPPF) as imaging correlates of neurobehavioral comorbidities in the pilocarpine …
Long-Term in vivo Evaluation of Orthotypical and Heterotypical Bioengineered Human Corneas.
2020
Purpose: Human cornea substitutes generated by tissue engineering currently require limbal stem cells for the generation of orthotypical epithelial cell cultures. We recently reported that bioengineered corneas can be fabricated in vitro from a heterotypical source obtained from Wharton’s jelly in the human umbilical cord (HWJSC). Methods: Here, we generated a partial thickness cornea model based on plastic compression nanostructured fibrin-agarose biomaterials with cornea epithelial cells on top, as an orthotypical model (HOC), or with HWJSC, as a heterotypical model (HHC), and determined their potential in vivo usefulness by implantation in an animal model. Results: No major side effects …
Evaluation of Mucociliary Clearance by Three Dimension Micro-CT-SPECT in Guinea Pig: Role of Bitter Taste Agonists
2016
Different image techniques have been used to analyze mucociliary clearance (MCC) in humans, but current small animal MCC analysis using in vivo imaging has not been well defined. Bitter taste receptor (T2R) agonists increase ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and cause bronchodilation but their effects in vivo are not well understood. This work analyzes in vivo nasal and bronchial MCC in guinea pig animals using three dimension (3D) microCT-SPECT images and evaluates the effect of T2R agonists. Intranasal macroaggreggates of albumin-Technetium 99 metastable (MAA-Tc99m) and lung nebulized Tc99m albumin nanocolloids were used to analyze the effect of T2R agonists on nasal and bronchial MCC respecti…
Drug Distribution to Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Studies on Melanin Binding, Cellular Kinetics, and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Comput…
2016
Melanin binding is known to affect the distribution and elimination of ocular drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the extent of drug uptake to primary retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells could be estimated based on in vitro binding studies with isolated melanin and evaluate the suitability of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in studying pigment binding in vivo with pigmented and albino rats. Binding of five compounds, basic molecules timolol, chloroquine, and nadolol and acidic molecules methotrexate and 5(6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (CDCF), was studied using isolated melanin from porcine choroid-RPE at pH 5.0 and 7.4. The…
Comparison Study of Two Differently Clicked 18F-Folates—Lipophilicity Plays a Key Role
2018
Within the last decade, several folate-based radiopharmaceuticals for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) have been evaluated; however, there is still a lack of suitable 18F-folates for clinical PET imaging. Herein, we report the synthesis and evaluation of two novel 18F-folates employing strain-promoted and copper-catalyzed click chemistry. Furthermore, the influence of both click-methods on lipophilicity and pharmacokinetics of the 18F-folates was investigated. 18F-Ala-folate and 18F-DBCO-folate were both stable in human serum albumin. In vitro studies proved their high affinity to the folate receptor (FR). The lipophilic character of …
TGF-β Serum Levels in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients and the Role of Anti-VEGF Therapy.
2020
Transforming growth factor &beta
Morphomolecular motifs of pulmonary neoangiogenesis in interstitial lung diseases
2019
The pathogenetic role of angiogenesis in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is controversial. This study represents the first investigation of the spatial complexity and molecular motifs of microvascular architecture in important subsets of human ILD. The aim of our study was to identify specific variants of neoangiogenesis in three common pulmonary injury patterns in human ILD.We performed comprehensive and compartment-specific analysis of 24 human lung explants with usual intersitial pneumonia (UIP), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and alveolar fibroelastosis (AFE) using histopathology, microvascular corrosion casting, micro-comupted tomography based volumetry and gene expression…
Progressive Characterization of Visual Phenotype in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Mutant Mice
2019
Purpose Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an archetypical ciliopathy caused by defective ciliary trafficking and consequent function. Insights gained from BBS mouse models are applicable to other syndromic and nonsyndromic retinal diseases. This progressive characterization of the visual phenotype in three BBS mouse models sets a baseline for testing therapeutic interventions. Methods Longitudinal acquisition of electroretinograms, optical coherence tomography scans, and visual acuity using the optomotor reflex in Bbs6/Mkks, Bbs8/Ttc8, and Bbs5 knockout mice. Gene and protein expression analysis in vivo and in vitro. Results Complete loss of BBS5, BBS6, or BBS8 leads to different rates of reti…
Clinical-Instrumental patterns of neurodegeneration in Essential Tremor: A data-driven approach
2021
Abstract Introduction Essential Tremor (ET) is increasingly recognized as a complex disorder with additional clinical signs other than tremor. It is still unknown whether a unique pathophysiologic or neurodegenerative process underlies progression and prognosis of the disease. The aim of the study was to identify ET phenotypes through a clinical-instrumental data-driven approach and to characterize possible patterns of neurodegeneration. Methods ET patients were categorized using spatio-temporal and kinematic variables related to mobility and dynamic stability processed by motion transducers. Differences between the identified groups in clinical-demographic variables, neuropsychological per…
3-Dimensional Analysis and Systematic Review of Root Canal Morphology and Physiological Foramen Geometry of 109 Mandibular First Premolars by Micro-c…
2019
Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to systematically revise the root canal configuration (RCC) literature and to investigate the root canal morphology of mandibular first premolars (Ma1Ps) of 2 populations by means of micro–computed tomographic imaging. Methods This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines including RCC randomized controlled trials and cross-sectional, cohort, comparative, validation, and evaluation studies. Furthermore, the RCC, physiological foramina, the frequency of accessory and connecting canals, and the physiological foramina morphology of 109 Ma1Ps were investigated by means of micro–co…