Search results for "Trachea"
showing 10 items of 186 documents
Decellularized tracheal prelamination implant: A proposed bilateral double organ technique
2021
Introduction In tracheal replacement transplantation, prelamination is a critical stage. Nowadays, the most widely used prelamination technique is the prethoracic fascia flap with lateral thoracic artery. We propose a flap based on the internal thoracic artery, which allows a relatively non-aggressive double organ implant, and we have tested its efficacy in decellularized tracheas. Material and methods Tracheas of albino New Zealand rabbits were decellularized following a protocol that uses detergents and cryogenization, sterilized with 1kGy gamma radiation and tutorized with a stent. Bilateral pedicled flaps made of pectoral fascia and a muscular component were harvested through a longitud…
Prenatal and neonatal risk factors for the development of enamel defects in low birth weight children
2009
Oral Diseases (2010) 16, 257–262 Objective: To analyse the influence of several prenatal and neonatal risk factors in the development of enamel defects in low birth weight children. Subjects and methods: Children between 4 and 5 years of age (n = 102) were classified into: Group 1) 52 low birth weight (<2500 g); Group 2) 50 normal birth weight (≥2500 g). Medical history, prenatal and neonatal variables were collected. Enamel defects were evaluated with the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index. Results: The prevalence of hypoplasia and average number of affected teeth were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (59.6%vs 16% and 1.6 vs 0.3 respectively). Low gestational …
In vitro tracheal hyperresponsiveness to muscarinic receptor stimulation by carbachol in a rat model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
2006
Summary 1 Bleomycin-induced lung injury is widely used as an experimental model to investigate the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis but the alterations in the pharmacological responsiveness of airways isolated from bleomycin-exposed animals has been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro tracheal responses to muscarinic receptor stimulation with carbachol in a rat bleomycin model. 2 Concentration–response curves to carbachol (10 nm to 0.1 mm) were obtained in tracheal rings isolated from Sprague–Dawley rats 14 days after endotracheal bleomycin or saline. The intracellular calcium signal in response to carbachol (10 μm) was measured by epifluorescence m…
Calcium dependence of the contraction produced by endothelin (ET-1) in isolated guinea-pig trachea.
1990
Endothelin (ET-1, 1 pM to 0.1 microM) produced a concentration-dependent contraction of isolated guinea-pig trachea. BAY K 8644 (1 microM) did not significantly alter the concentration-response curve for ET-1. Incubation with nicardipine (10 microM) partly inhibited responses to low concentrations (10 pM to 1 nM) of ET-1 while verapamil (10 microM) and diltiazem (10 microM) were ineffective. La3+ (10 microM) and Cd2+ (10 microM) preferentially depressed the responses evoked by high concentrations (30 nM-0.1 microM) of ET-1 without affecting the responses evoked by low concentrations of the peptide. Incubation in Ca2(+)-free (with EDTA, 1 mM) medium resulted in suppression of the responses e…
Intubation Practices and Adverse Peri-intubation Events in Critically Ill Patients From 29 Countries
2021
Importance: Tracheal intubation is one of the most commonly performed and high-risk interventions in critically ill patients. Limited information is available on adverse peri-intubation events. Objective: To evaluate the incidence and nature of adverse peri-intubation events and to assess current practice of intubation in critically ill patients. Design, Setting, and Participants: The International Observational Study to Understand the Impact and Best Practices of Airway Management in Critically Ill Patients (INTUBE) study was an international, multicenter, prospective cohort study involving consecutive critically ill patients undergoing tracheal intubation in the intensive care units (ICUs…
Endotracheal intubation using the C-MAC® video laryngoscope or the Macintosh laryngoscope: A prospective, comparative study in the ICU
2012
Introduction Endotracheal intubation in the ICU is a challenging procedure and is frequently associated with life-threatening complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the C-MAC® video laryngoscope on laryngeal view and intubation success compared with direct laryngoscopy. Methods In a single-center, prospective, comparative before-after study in an anesthetist-lead surgical ICU of a tertiary university hospital, predictors of potentially difficult tracheal intubation, number of intubation attempts, success rate and glottic view were evaluated during a 2-year study period (first year, Macintosh laryngoscopy (ML); second year, C-MAC®). Results A total of 274 criti…
Effects of low temperature and pharmacological interventions on the responses of the isolated guinea-pig trachea
1992
Cooling the guinea-pig isolated trachea from 37°C to 20°C virtually abolished the response to CaCl2 (in K+-depolarized tissues) and depressed that to histamine (about 75% reduction), KCl and 5-hydroxytryptamine (around 50% inhibition) while the response to acetylcholine remained unaffected. A further cooling to 10°C was necessary to inhibit acetylcholine-induced contractions. Hyporesponsiveness to spasmogens by cooling was not associated with subsensitivity (increased EC50) except for 5-hydroxytryptamine. Contractile responses to KCl (50 mmol/l), histamine (1 mmol/l) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (0.1 mmol/l) in a Ca2+-free EGTA (0.1 mmol/l)-containing solution were inhibited by cooling to 20°C b…
Non-specific Hyperreactivity to Pharmacological Stimuli in Tracheal and Lung Parenchymal Strips of Actively Sensitized Guinea-pigs
1989
Abstract The responsiveness of tracheal and lung parenchymal strips isolated from actively sensitized guinea-pigs to CaCl2 (in K+-depolarized tissue), KCl, acetylcholine and histamine was compared with that of strips from unsensitized animals. The concentration-response curves to the mentioned agonists exhibited, in the sensitized group, a left upward displacement (greater maximal effect, lesser effective concentration 50% and a steeper slope) compared with those obtained in the unsensitized group. These results indicate the existence of a non-specific increase in responsiveness in the airway smooth muscle from sensitized animals.
Muscarinic inhibition of acetylcholine release from a novel in vitro preparation of the guinea-pig trachea
1990
An isolated preparation of the guinea-pig trachea is described which allows the simultaneous measurement of acetylcholine release and smooth muscle contraction. Incubation of the epithelium-free preparation with [3H]choline resulted in the formation of [3H]acetylcholine. Electrical stimulation caused the release of [3H]acetylcholine and a contractile response. Tetrodotoxin and omission of calcium from the medium abolished both the evoked release and contractions. The muscarinic agonists oxotremorine, carbachol and pilocarpine concentration-dependently inhibited the electrically evoked acetylcholine release and contracted the tracheal smooth muscle. Pre- and postsynaptic EC50 values for a gi…
Muscarinic inhibition of endogenous noradrenaline release from rabbit isolated trachea: receptor subtype and receptor reserve.
1994
The aim of the present study was to characterize putative muscarine receptors on sympathetic nerve terminals in the rabbit trachea. Release of endogenous noradrenaline from in vitro incubated rabbit trachea was evoked by electrical field stimulation (3 Hz, 540 pulses) and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The muscarine receptor agonist oxotremorine inhibited the evoked release of noradrenaline completely at 1 mumol/l (EC50: 64 nmol/l). The concentration response curve was very steep (Hill coefficient of 2.3). Scopolamine shifted the concentration response curve of oxotremorine to the right (-log KB 8.48) demonstrating specific, inhibitory m…